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Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease

Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease. Durland Fish, Ph.D. Yale School of Public Health Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. WHO-TDR PRIORITY DISEASES. DISEASE DEATHS DALYS* AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS 50,000 1,585

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Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease

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  1. Climate ChangeandVector-Borne Disease Durland Fish, Ph.D. Yale School of Public Health Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies

  2. WHO-TDR PRIORITY DISEASES DISEASE DEATHS DALYS* AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS 50,000 1,585 DENGUE 12,000 433 LEISHMANIASIS 41,000 1,810 MALARIA 1,080,000 40,213 SCHISTOSOMIASIS 11,000 1,713 TUBERCULOSIS 1,660,000 35,792 CHAGAS DISEASE 21,000 680 LEPROSY 2,000 141 LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS 0 5,549 ONCHOCERCIASIS 0 951 Remme, et al. 2002 TRENDS in Parasitology *Disability-adjusted life years x 1,000

  3. WHO-TDR PRIORITY DISEASES DISEASE DEATHS DALYS* AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS 50,000 1,585 DENGUE 12,000 433 LEISHMANIASIS 41,000 1,810 MALARIA 1,080,000 40,213 SCHISTOSOMIASIS 11,000 1,713 TUBERCULOSIS 1,660,000 35,792 CHAGAS DISEASE 21,000 680 LEPROSY 2,000 141 LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS 0 5,549 ONCHOCERCIASIS 0 951 Remme, et al. 2002 TRENDS in Parasitology *Disability-adjusted life years x 1,000

  4. GLOBAL EMERGING DISEASES* VECTOR-BORNE EMERGING RE-EMERGING * Modified from Morens et al. 2004 Nature 430:242

  5. WEST NILE VIRUS TRANSMISSION CYCLE

  6. APOCALYPSE NOTGary Taubes,Science 1997 278:1004-6. McMichael, Patz & Epstein: "climate change is likely to have wide-ranging and mostly adverse impacts on human health, with significant loss of life.“ Duane Gubler: "gloom and doom" speculations based on "soft data.“… "probably the most blatant disregard for other factors that influence disease transmission." D.A. Henderson: “a lot of simplistic thinking, which seems to ignore the fact that as climate changes, man changes as well.”

  7. The Independent (UK) 17 April 2007

  8. “in all the studies we have discussed supporting linkages between climate change and malaria, there is neither a unique climatic pattern nor a unique climate variable associated with the disease”.

  9. MALARIA YELLOW FEVER 1856 1870

  10. Ecological responses to recent climate change Walther et al. NATURE |VOL 416 | 28 MARCH 2002 |www.nature.com

  11. Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming William E. Bradshaw and Christina M. Holzapfel Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 December 4; 98(25): 14509–14511.

  12. Under the Weather: Climate, Ecosystems, and Infectious Disease National Research Council 2001 • Research to understand the relationship between climate and infectious disease is in its infancy and needs to be strengthened. • Interdisciplinary research centers should be established to foster collaboration between scientists in fields such as epidemiology, climatology, and ecology. • Federal health agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease should become actively involved.

  13. Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases—Diseaserisk may increase as a result of climate change due to related expansions in vector ranges, shortening of pathogen incubation periods, and disruption and relocation of large human populations. Research should enhance the existing pathogen/vector control infrastructure including vector and host identification; integrate human with terrestrial and aquatic animal health surveillance systems; incorporate ecological studies to provide better predictive models; and improve risk communication and prevention strategies.

  14. May 18, 2010 Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change The federal government should provide technical and scientific resources that are currently lacking at the local or regional scale, incentives for local and state authorities to begin adaptation planning, guidance across jurisdictions, shared lessons learned, and support of scientific research to expand knowledge of impacts and adaptation.

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