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Training Module 1: Pig breeding Management Sub-theme: Selection and Management of village Boars. Robert Natumanya Makerere University. Training of Trainers Workshop April 8 th – 11 th 2014 , Kampala - Uganda. Makerere University Logo. Background & Module Description. Background

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  1. Training Module 1: Pig breeding Management Sub-theme: Selection and Management of village Boars Robert Natumanya Makerere University Training of Trainers Workshop April 8th – 11th 2014 , Kampala - Uganda Makerere University Logo

  2. Background & Module Description Background Boar determines the quality of piglets in a herd Currently, there is a high demand for village boars Pig farmers are known to share the boars in the village Farmers have limited knowledge on boar selection & will learn Simple selection and best husbandry approaches for increased pig productivity

  3. Module Description-Target group • Targets to enhance the capacity of smallholder farmers in pig breeding - selection and Mgt. of village boars • Farmers own 1-3 pigs & have production of piglets as one of their main activities. • Rural farmers/setting use mostly free range & tethering • Urban/peri-urban farmers keep pigs in pens under semi- intensive or intensive systems

  4. Information for the facilitator: how to use the module Familiarise with concepts, knowledge, skills and the attitudes Follow instructions or guidelines where necessary in a session Advised to use adult learning principles, e.g. sharing experiences and letting participants to discover new ways of selecting and managing village boar Make sessions simple, realistic and practical. Approaches of “learning by doing” is always recommended. Use related and real-time tools and materials for example live animals & farm resources or else use virtual resources e.g. photos, cartoons, videos clips e.t.c

  5. Learning outcomes of the selection and management of village boars Upon successful completion of this module, participants will be able to; Identify the relevant boar attributes/traits Select village boars that respond to farmers preferences/demand Apply best boar husbandry practices in housing, breeding, feeding, health, record keeping, and body condition scoring Participate in farmer groups for the proper use of the village boar Demonstrate willingness to use of village based boar as efficient means of breeding

  6. The Delivery of Selection & Management of Village Boars – Methods & Sessions Delivery Methods that contribute to improving knowledge, skills and changes in farmer’s attitude Brief talk - review of basic matter for@ session Demonstrations, sharing of experiences Practical exercises, giving examples Analysis of case studies/problem solving Group or plenary discussion Role plays

  7. Session 1: Pig traits and breeds (Handout 1) This session is intended to; Characterise traits of pigs for farmers preferences Identify major breeds with desirable traits in Uganda Content • What is a trait? Why is it important to identify traits? Classes of traits according to their value Desirable traits from the farmers’ point of view Boar breeds that a farmer can use

  8. Desirable traits from the farmers’ point of view Litter size, No. of piglets per Sow per Year (PSY) Weaning weight, carcass weight Thickness of back fat, muscling & carcass length Colour of skin e.g. white or black Teat number, ear shape, short snout or face Good mother, temperament, disease resistance

  9. Pig/Boar breeds that a farmer can use Characteristics of local Pig • Variable shapes and sizes • Mature female weighs from 40-120kg • The jaw is relatively long and sharp, like in the wild pig. • The size of the ears is medium and generally straight • The body color varies, but black and brown are the most • common. • Adapted to the local conditions (high temperatures & • poor quality forages). • The degree of hairness varies (short hair - long hair) • Slow growth rate

  10. Exotic breeds Adapted in Uganda • Characteristics of Large white (Yorkshire)are: • Skin/coat colour is white. • A large head with standing ears. • Big shoulders with a straight back. • A long body with strong legs. • A short snout. • Characteristics of Landrace breed are: • The skin and hair are white. • Large ears falling to the sides. • A narrow head and a long snout. • Big hips and a curved back. • Susceptible to environmental stress e.g. sharp sound, high temperatures

  11. Exotic breeds Adapted in Uganda Cont. • Characteristics of Duroc breed are: • Brown/redish in color. • Medium sized ears and a bit fallen. • A large head with a short snout. • Big hips without much fat • Fast growing • Large breed

  12. Session 2.0: A simple method for selecting a village boar

  13. Session 3.0: Best boar housing, feeding, breeding, body condition, health & biosecurity 3.1: Housing & hygiene Effects of poor housing on boar

  14. Construction of a good boar house 3m 6m • Dimensions of boar house • Pens 3 m X 2.4 m or 3 m X 3 m with an open yard of nearly the same • dimensions • Walls: 1.2-1.5 m high from the floor • Floor-rough finish and water proof cement mortar. • Proper drains should be provided so that the effluents are disposed off.  

  15. 3.2: Records & record keeping The Principles: Keep accurate, simple and retrievable data. Why keep boar records • Help farmers to avoid inbreeding • Identification • Performance of the boars can be compared with other boars • Cull boars with a high rate of sows returning to heat • Help farmers to avoid inbreeding How to keep boar records in a village setting Smallholder farmer can use written records in form of a notebook (hard cover) in which a record card is assigned to each boar/pig.

  16. Making or designing a boar card in Farmers notebook (Hard cover) Notes:

  17. 3.3. Boar feeding-Making balanced diet

  18. 3.4: How to determine the body condition score of village boar Body condition: Is a measure of the amount of fat in the body Practical exercise on body condition scoring (guidelines and template) Village boar should be kept at a body condition score of 3

  19. 3.5: Pig breeding - Crossbreeding for genetic improvement of pigs Illustration on benefits of cross breeding to the small holder farmer

  20. Inbreeding in pigs An illustration of the bad effects of inbreeding on a smallholder farm

  21. 3.6: Boar health control-diseases, parasites and bio-security Summary content (More in hand out on boar health) Review pig diseases of economic importance e.g. ASF, Swine Dysentery Internalise internal (worm & tape worm ) and external parasites (mange, lice and myiasis) Prevention and control measures Design a good biosecurity plan: isolation of new animals, foot bath or wear disposable boots, clothes, control visitors, control rats, mice, and birds which can carry diseases to pigs. Delivery: Exercises on examination of parasites and sharing experiences

  22. Session 4.0: Organisation of farmers for the efficient use of the village boar Guiding principles Participatory: Involve all stakeholders Cooperation: Mobilise farmers to form working groups Simple and practical: A realistic structure that will work under village conditions Impact or result oriented: a structure tat will bring change i.e. genetic progress in herd population. Steps for designing a village based boar program Define the breeding goals i.e. what traits farmers would like to have improved? Devise a genetic evaluation mechanism to identify animals that have the highest genetic merit. Can use the checklist for selection Define the breeding structure (roles, organization/coordination-committees and use rules/regulations)

  23. A mind map of a simple and practical village based breeding structure that is impact oriented A boar circle - A boar circle may have one or more farmers depending on the farmers’ flock sizes • A breeding circle • – The Circle is sub-grouped into boar circle each using a boar communally • The circle should ideally have • 200 breeding females A cooperating farmer in a boar circle -The smiley’s size represents the flock size -Young boars born in the breeding circle are evaluated together - 10 breeding boars are selected and divided between boar circle by lottery

  24. Guidelines for envisaged breeding structure 1. Identify cooperating farmers 2. Form boar circle from cooperating farmers. If there are existing farmer groups they can be adapted. The number of farmers in a boar circle depends on the herd size 3. Decide the number of boar circles to form a breeding circle. 4. The breeding circle should have 200-300 female pigs large enough to stop inbreeding. 5. The young boars are selected from breeding groups and divided between boar circle by random numbers 6. The boar can be rotated within the boar circle to stop inbreeding.

  25. Acknowledgements This work is financed by IFAD & EU It is implemented in a partnership with ILRI, MakerereUniversity, NaLIRRI, MAAIF, NAADS, Local governments,VEDCO and VSO, and private sector It contributes to the CGIAR Research Program on Smallholder Pig Value Chain Development (SPVCD) Project in Uganda

  26. CRP and CG logos

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