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What environmental events?

What environmental events?. Very remote (in time) events {PAST} Natural selection Semi-remote events {PAST} Contingencies (respondent and operant) Current events {PRESENT} Presentation of stimuli (US, CS, S D , S D ) Motivational & emotional operations. Chapter 20. Behavioral Chains.

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What environmental events?

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  1. What environmental events? • Very remote (in time) events {PAST} • Natural selection • Semi-remote events {PAST} • Contingencies (respondent and operant) • Current events {PRESENT} • Presentation of stimuli (US, CS, SD, SD) • Motivational & emotional operations

  2. Chapter 20 Behavioral Chains

  3. Behavioral Chain • A sequence of stimuli and responses. • Each response produces a change in the environment that acts as a discriminative stimulus (SD) for the next response.

  4. “….behavior does not occur as random strings of unrelated responses but in organized sequences, called chains, in which each successive response produces the stimuli, internal or external, that determine what comes next. And when the time arrives to initiate a new sequence of behavior, that, too, is signaled by a change in stimulus conditions.” (Dinsmoor, 1995)

  5. Task Analysis • A task analysis is • an analysis of complex behavior and sequences (chains) of behavior into component responses.

  6. TASK ANALYSIS • Pick up fork • Spear potato • Lift fork to mouth • Open mouth • Place fork in mouth • Close mouth • Pull fork from mouth

  7. Dual Functioning Chained Stimuli • A stimulus in a behavior chain reinforces the response that precedes it. • That stimulus also acts as an SD or operandum for the response that follows it.

  8. Dual-Functioning Chained Stimuli SD Sight of potatoes Sr Oper. Fork in hand Beh Pick up fork Behavior Put fork in potato Sr/SD Fork in potato Behavior Raise fork Sr/SD Fork raised Behavior Put potato in mouth

  9. Dual Functioning Chained Stimuli • A stimulus in a behavior chain reinforces the response that precedes it. • That stimulus also acts as an SD or operandum for the response that follows it.

  10. Behavior Pull chain Sr/SD Light on Behavior Press lever Sr/SD Dipper click Behavior Approaches dipper Sr Water

  11. SD Behavior After/Sr/SD Light on Before Behavior After/Sr/SD Before After/Sr Water Behavior Before

  12. Forward Chain • The establishment of the first link in a behavioral chain, with the addition of successive links, until the final link in acquired.

  13. SD Sight of potatoes Train this link first Sr Oper. Fork in hand Beh Pick up fork Behavior Put fork in potato Sr/SD Fork in potato Train this link second Behavior Raise fork Sr/SD Fork raised Behavior Put potato in mouth FORWARD CHAINING

  14. Total Task • The simultaneous training of all links in a behavioral chain.

  15. Total Task Training Links Training Tools Results Each one of the hand washing steps Physical guidance Verbal Instruction Praise Modeling Each one of the hand washing steps

  16. Backward Chaining • The establishment of the final link in a behavioral chain, with the addition of preceding links until the first link is acquired.

  17. 23x 42 46920 ??? BACKWARD CHAINING

  18. 23x 42 46??? ??? BACKWARD CHAINING

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