1 ．一般现在时的用法

1. 1．一般现在时的用法 4）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。如： ①If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out on a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去野炊。 ②I will not leave here until he returns in safety. 我将在他安全归来后才离开。 6）文章标题，电影说明（或剧情介绍），舞台动作说明或图片解说等。 ①Bank Robbery: Robbers take $100, 000. （新闻标题） ② He said, “Now watch me. I switch on the current, and stand back…” （解说词） ③He sits down, shivers a little. Clock outside strikes twelve. 舞台动作说明） 1）表示主语现在所处的状态及所具备的特征、性格、能力等。如： • They are both tired and hungry. 他俩又累又饿。 • ---- Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗？ ---- Yes, I do. 我会。 2）表示现在的、经常的或习惯性的动作，常和 always, usually, often, every day, sometimes等副词或词组连用。如： I usually go to school by bus, but sometimes I walk to school. 我通常乘公共汽车上学，但有时步行上学。 5）在某些以 here, there 开头的句子中，用动词 go, come的一般现在时表示正在发生的行为。 ①Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！ ②There goes the bell for class. 上课铃响了。 3）表示客观事实或普遍真理。 ①Three plus five is eight. 3加 5等于 8。 ②The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕太阳运转。 ③The teacher told us that the moon is much smaller than the sun. 老师告诉我们说月球比太阳小得多。

2. 2．现在进行时的用法 3）表示习惯的、经常反复的动作，句中常有 always, continually, constantly, frequently等副词，带有说话人赞叹、不满、厌烦等感情色彩。 ① Look at the boy! He is always misbehaving. 看那男孩，他老是淘气。 ② The old man is always losing his pocket money. 老人总是丢掉零钱。 ③He is always thinking of others. 他一贯考虑别人。 2）表示即将发生的、按计划安排好的动作，多限于 go, come, start, leave, return, arrive, stay, fly等表示运动方向的动词，句中往往有表示将来的时间状语。 ①They are flying to Beijing next week. 他们将于下周飞往北京。 ② Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在此呆到下周吗？ 1）表示说话时正在进行的动作，或表示当前一段时间内的活动及现阶段正在进行的动作。如： • ①Are you turning to another channel?你在调到另一个频道吗？ • ② Is the world becoming a smaller place for people? 对人类来说世界正在变小吗？ 4）表示说话人强烈感情色彩，或强调动作的暂时性，增强表现力。如： ① How are you feeling today? 你今天身体好吗？（充满关切的感情） ② Thousands of children are being killed in car accidents. 成千上万的儿童死于车祸。（突出问题严重性，增强表现力）

3. 3．一般过去时的用法 5）表示目前的非真实的状况或不能实现的愿望。 ①If we had more rain, our crops would grow better. 如果现在雨水多一点，我们的庄稼会长得好一些。 ②I wish I were as young as you. 我但愿自己和你一样年轻。 ③ It's time you went to bed. 你该上床睡觉了。 2）表示过去经常发生的动作或存在状态，常和 often, always 等时间状语连用。 ① My father often went to work by bicycle. 我父亲过去总是骑自行车上班。 3）上下文中有表明动作发生在过去的概念，如状语从句、宾语从句等。 ①When and where were you born? 你何时何地出生？ ②She told me that she was frightened of snakes. 她告诉我说她怕蛇。 4）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句表示过去将来的行为. ① He promised that he would get me some stamps when he went to the post office. 他答应我去邮局时给我买几张邮票。 ② What would you think of him if he failed again? 如果他再次失败，你会怎么想？ 1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在状态，常和 yesterday, two days ago, just now, in the past 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 • ①I didn't feel well this morning. 今天上午我不舒服。 • ② When he came back, he found a note on his desk. 他回来时，发现桌子上有张便条。

4. 4．现在完成时的用法 ①His grandpa has been dead for two years. 他祖父已去世两年。（可以改为：It is/has been two years since his grandpa died. 或：His grandpa died two years ago. 但不可以说：His grandpa has died for two years. ） ②I have kept the book for a week. 这本书我借了一周了。（可改为：It is a week since I borrowed the book. 或：I borrowed the book a week ago. 但不能说：I've borrowed the book for a week. ） 3）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。 I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it. 我一看完这本书就借给你。 ▲表示短暂行为的瞬时性动词如arrive, begin, become, borrow, buy, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop等的现在完成时态一般不能和表示一段时间的状语以及how long连用，应改用相应的延续性动词。 2）表示过去开始并延续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语如 for two months, since 1989以及从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语如this morning, recently, in the past few years 等连用。 ①I have worked here since 1995. 从1995年来我在此工作。 ②How long have you studied English? 你学英语有多久了？ ①----Have you been to the United States? 你去过美国吗？ ----Yes, I have. I have been there twice. 是的，去过。去过两次。 ②He has been in the reading-room since after lunch. 午饭后他一直呆在阅览室里。 ③----Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？ ----He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 ▲have been to some place 表示到过某地，现在已经回来，不在该地； have been in some place 表示去过某地，某一段时间呆在某地； have gone to some place 表示到某地去了，或到达该地，或在途中，不在本地。 1）表示过去发生的动作，其后果和影响现仍存在，过去的动作和现在的结果相联系。此时句中常有already, ever, never, yet, just, before 等副词作状语，也可不用任何时间状语。 • ① We have seen the film“the Gold Rush. ” （相当于：I saw the film “The Gold Rush”and I known its content. ） • ② Have you had your lunch yet? （相当于：Did you have your lunch? Are you hungry now? ）