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Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat). Kendra Ridder. Overview. Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci 1 to 3 day incubation Most common during winter/early spring Direct contact. Photo: http://i.ytimg.com/vi/jwiDq7I9hig/0.jpg. Diagnosis. Long Test- Throat Culture 24-48 hours

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Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)

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  1. Streptococcal Pharyngitis(Strep Throat) Kendra Ridder

  2. Overview • Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci • 1 to 3 day incubation • Most common during winter/early spring • Direct contact Photo: http://i.ytimg.com/vi/jwiDq7I9hig/0.jpg

  3. Diagnosis • Long Test- Throat Culture • 24-48 hours • 76-99% accurate • Short Test- Rapid Antigen Detection Test • 5-10 minutes • 76-86% accurate

  4. Symptoms • Sore throat • Fever • Higher than 38.5°C • Swollen tonsils (can be covered in pus) • Fine red lesions on roof of mouth Photo: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pos_strep.JPG/230px-Pos_strep.JPG

  5. Treatments • Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalosporin • Prevent synthesis of peptidoglycan cross-links • Macrolides • Prevent protein synthesis Photo: http://vneagoie.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/penicillin_potassium_for_injection.jpg

  6. Complications • Treated • Treatment Failure/Reinfection • Untreated • Scarlet Fever • Rheumatic Heart Fever • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Photo: http://www.vote4yourself.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Scarlet-Fever-health.jpg

  7. Epidemiology • Most common in northern regions during winter & spring (United States) • Infections most prevalent in school children over age 3 • No geographic, race, or sex barriers • High morbidity rate • High mortality rate

  8. Virulence • Streptococcus pyogenes • Streptococcal group A antigen on their cell walls • Produce large zones of beta-hemolysis which cause the disruption of erythrocytes & the release of hemoglobin • M Proteins • Protected from phagocytosis by neutrophils by a bacterial capsule composed of hyaluronic acid

  9. Questions • 1. What does the hyaluronic acid bacterial capsule protect the bacteria from? Answer: Phagocytosis by neutrophils. • 2. Name one alternative antibiotic to penicillin. Answer: Amoxicillin, macrolides, or cephalosporins • 3. How do a majority of antibiotics work? Answer: They prevent the building up of the bacterial cell wall by preventing peptidoglycan cross-links.

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