Global History—Tuesday March 2, 2010 Chapter 29 (Page 741) “World War One ” Topic : WW I Begins

1. Global History—Tuesday March 2, 2010 Chapter 29 (Page 741) “World War One” Topic: WW I Begins Aim Question:Once the war began how and where was it waged? Objective: -Understand causes of the war -Analyze alliances -Knowing how the assassination sparked the war Agenda:-Attendance -Announcements -Quiz -Notes/Lecture

2. Reviewing the Balkans • Who was assassinated in Serbia on June of 1914? • What happened when Serbia ignored ultimatum from Austria-Hungary?

3. Pre-War Alliances Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Triple Entente England France Russia War Alliances Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Emprire Allied Powers - England - France - Russia The Alliance System Collapses

4. Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia

6. Who are the leaders of the new alliances? CENTRAL POWERS Germany = Kaiser Wilhelm II Austria-Hungary = King Franz Joseph I ALLIED POWERS England = Prime Minister Herbert Asquith Russia = Czar Nicholas II France = President George Clemenceau

7. THE WAR BEGINS AUGUST 3 Germany declared war on France JULY 28 Austria declares war on Serbia AUGUST 5 France declares war on Germany AUGUST 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. AUGUST 1 Germany declared war on Russia AUGUST 4 British declaration of war On Germany

8. Germany prepared for Schlieffen Plan General Alfred Von Schlieffen: If two front war, Germany would attack France thru Belgium—then swing around & attack Russia!!!

9. SCHLIEFFEN PLAN = FailureA Bloody Stalemate Along Western Front

10. Western Front & Trench Warfare • Trench Warfare: soldiers doing most fighting from hand dug holes lined together forming “trenches” • Used for Defensive Purposes (1,200 miles) • Each side, France & Germany, created trenches • The middle ground called “no-man’s land”

11. No Man’s Land FRENCH LINE GERMAN LINE NO MAN’S LAND GERMAN LINE FRENCH LINE

12. Eastern FrontRussia & Germany • The eastern front was also fought with trench warfare • War between Germany &Russia • Germany now fighting on two sides; two fronts

13. Trench life a living hell “The shells rained down on our trenches. Then our trench would disappear, filled with exploding earth, the air became unbreathable. We were blinded, wounded, crawling, crying, and shouting as the dead soldiers fell atop us splashing us with their blood.”

14. Horrors of Trench Warfare (1915) French Soldiers; 50 Yards Away from German Trenches

15. (1917) Western FrontGerman Trench

16. 1917, Eastern Front Russian troops await orders in the summer

17. (1916) English Trench Notice the men sleeping

18. Many of the dead Were left in the Trenches because It was too dangerous To dispose of them!

19. Russian soldiers on the Eastern front caught on barbwire in “no mans land”

20. No Man’s Land Western Front 1915

21. German scout Shot while On duty

22. “NO MAN’S LAND”, FRANCE 1917

23. Quote from French Soldier about life in the trenches… “The men slept in mud trenches; washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed of mud.”

24. (1917) French trench Notice sleeping quarters & the washing of clothes

25. Trenches often would fill up with rain water. This would leave the soldiers Vulnerable to “trench foot”

26. French troops on the Western Front pumping rain water out of trench

27. Trench foot is caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary and cold conditions. The Soldiers would live in the Trenches for almost one year!

28. The “reserve trenches” were for Rest and relaxation. They were in the very Rear of the trench system. This is where the military leaders Would stay and plan attacks.

29. Notice that there is more than Just the one trench, there Are multiple trenches used