India From Humble Beginnings to the World’s Largest Democracy and a Major Player in the Global Market.

1. IndiaFrom Humble Beginnings to the World’s Largest Democracy and a Major Player in the Global Market. Denise Stagpool Jamie Danford Tommy D. McCaskill Sr. Desiree Fussell

2. State Standards • SS6H6Grade: 6Description: SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various world regions. • SS7E10Grade: 7Description: SS7E10 The student will describe factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in India, China, and Japan.Elements: • SS7E9Grade: 7Description: SS7E9 The student will explain how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in Southern and Eastern Asia. • SS7G12Grade: 7Description: SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia.

3. Let’s learn about… • How and why Britain’s influence made India who it is today. • How life in India is controlled by the Hindu caste system. • India’s I.T workers…Who are they? • How India fits in our global economy.

4. Denise Stagpool

5. NAMASTEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7YxhEM5FNw

9. Colonial India Portuguese India 1510–1961 Dutch India 1605–1825 Danish India 1696–1869 French India 1759–1954 British Empire in India East India Company 1612–1757 Company rule in India 1757–1857 British Raj 1757–1947 British rule in Burma 1826–1948 British India 1612–1947 Princely states 1765–1947 Partition of British India 1947

10. Mahatma Gandhi

13. Indian Cuisine

18. So, that’s how we got here. Now let’s have a look at the social system of India…

19. The Caste SystemIndia’s “Corporate Ladder”Jamie Danford

20. The caste system in India is a Hindu social system where people are ranked into groups based on heredity.

21. The Four Varnas (Groups) Brahmins: Teachers, scholars and priests Kshatriyas: Kings and warriors Vaishyas: Traders Shudras: Agriculturists, service providers, and some artisan groups The people who don’t qualify to be in a Varna are called Dalits. These people are the lowest of society, due to their jobs. (Butchers, sanitation, Leatherworkers, etc…)

22. The caste is a closed group whose members are severely restricted in their choice of occupation and degree of social participation.

23. Social status is determined by the caste of one's birth and may only rarely be transcended.

24. Marriage outside the caste is prohibited. Brahmin temple wedding Dalits forced to wed outside of a temple

25. In general, caste functions to maintain the status quo in a society. Guess where the Dalits sit… Upper caste men building a wall to keep the Dalits out of their neighborhood.

26. The occupational barriers among Indian castes have been breaking down slowly under economic pressures since the 19th cent., but social distinctions have been more persistent. Attitudes toward the untouchables only began to change in the 1930s. Although untouchability was declared illegal in 1949, resistance to change has remained strong, especially in rural areas.

27. If a higher caste Hindu is touched by an untouchable or even had a Dalit's shadow across them, they consider themselves to be polluted and have to go through a rigorous series of rituals to be cleansed. In India there are approximately 240 million Dalits. This means that nearly 25% of the population is Dalit. It also means that in a country, where everybody is supposed to have equal rights and opportunities, 1 out of 5 persons is condemned to be untouchable. Given this information… How can Upper Caste members and Dalits share the same work space?

28. As India’s economy thrives, we’re seeing Dalits land jobs in the Information Technology field. It’s an improvement, but comes not without resentment from upper castes and social challenges… Let’s check out an article from The Wall Street Journal…

29. Venugopal Thoti's father, grandfather and ancestors worked as field laborers in a tiny village in the state of Andhra Pradesh in southern India. As Dalits -- members of the "untouchable" caste at the bottom of Indian society -- they were barred from temples used by upper-caste Hindus and from upper-caste homes. Their name defined their low status: A "thoti" in their village communicates news of a death by walking door to door. Mr. Thoti, 37, is in a different line of work and a much different station in life. Last fall, he got a new job as a software developer in the Hyderabad office of American Infoserv Inc., a New Jersey-based technology and outsourcing company. Mr. Thoti's success, after a long slog, has been modest by U.S. and even some Indian standards. He earns about $800 a month and travels by bus around this clogged technology hotspot of about four million people. But his monthly earnings are roughly double what his father made in a year. And he has left the one-room thatched hut with no electricity or running water that he grew up in for a basic three-bedroom apartment that he shares with his wife and two young children. "Now, we are a little comfortable," he says. For thousands of years, advancement in India has been restricted by its caste system, which is enshrined in the country's dominant Hindu religion. While Brahmins, the highest caste, are said to stem from the mouth of Purusha, or Universal Man, Dalits were considered so impure they were left outside the structure altogether. Castes -- which often can be identified by a person's last name -- reach into every part of Indian society. But India's rapid economic expansion -- and its booming high-tech sector -- are beginning to chip away at the historical system that reserved well-paying jobs for upper castes and menial jobs for Dalits. With annual gross-domestic-product growth exceeding 9%, companies that have hired tens of thousands of workers in recent years are looking beyond their traditional sources of employees. High-tech firms, both foreign and domestically based, are at the forefront of that search. As a result, some Dalits are rising into India's middle class.

30. Technology giant Infosys Technologies Ltd. now recruits from 700 colleges around India, many of them in semi-rural areas where lower-caste people often live, up from about 50 urban colleges 10 years ago, says T.V. Mohandas Pai, the company's director in charge of human resources."Today, a great number of the people whom we hire come from poorer backgrounds both economically and socially," he says. "It is changing the ground rules in India." International companies are also having an impact. "We don't give a damn about any of these differences in caste or religion," says Ravi Venkatesan, chairman of Microsoft Corp.'s India unit. "It has made talent the number one issue for all companies." The ranks of Dalit entrepreneurs have also been growing, as India morphed in the past 15 years from a Socialist-modeled economy to a market-driven one and a new generation of young earners began to spend freely, take vacations and rack up shopping bills. That has created opportunities for Dalits to open hotels and restaurants, as well as find jobs as plumbers, electricians, air-conditioning repairmen and construction workers. Mr. Erpula, who also owns a filling station, an inn and a small water-bottling plant, recently held a party for 400 guests at his new $360,000 three-bedroom home. Three of his employees who belong to a higher caste failed to show. He says he later heard that one of them told a colleague: "He's a Dalit. Why should we go?" Still, success stories like those of Mr. Erpula and Mr. Thoti, who struggled many years to get his job, are rare.Estimates of the number of Dalits with skilled jobs and steady salaries in India's New Economy vary from tens of thousands to around 100,000, according to employers, workers, experts and government officials. That's out of a total Dalit population estimated at about 167 million, or about 16% of India's total population of 1.03 billion. India's government has long employed an affirmative-action program that reserves 23% of all national government jobs to those from underprivileged classes. (Paul Becket, Wall Street Journal June 23, 2007)

31. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBxy1R0jitM

32. Okay, enough background… let’s see what Tommy’s got to say about getting those I.T positions filled…

33. India’s Trained Workers Tommy D. McCaskill Sr.

34. India’s population is over 1.3 billion as of 2008 • India’s Institute of Technology Workers are very well trained. • India had 7 government-run IIT as of 2003. Green • In 2008 India has added 6 more. Blue • They Propose to add 3 more by 2010. Red

35. India’sTrained Workers • Since 2003, Attend one of 7 IT campuses: • Bombay • Delhi • Kharagpur • Madras • Roorkee • Kanpur • Guwahati • Graduating 3 million with field training in math, science, and engineering.

36. Delhi IIT Punjab Since 2008, India has added 6 more ITs: Roopnagar Rajasthan Patna Bhubaneshwar Gandhinagar Hyderabad Graduating 550,000 annually from Undergraduates, Graduates, engineering degrees.

37. Proposed to add 3 more ITs by the end of 2010: Indore Himaachal Varanasi Computer hardware & networking; Mobile Repairing; Black & White & Colour T. V.; House Wiring; Accounting.

38. Bombay’s IT Campus: 550 acreas of land 24 departments 15,000 inhabitants live on Campus 2,000 undergraduates 2,000 graduates 13 Hostels/Halls

39. How hard is it to get into one of India’s ITs? • Must pass the IIT-JEE • In 2008, 178,000 high school seniors took the entrance exam (JEE): 3,500 were accepted (< 2%). • India’s IT programs ranks with America’s Top universities., • Put Harvard, MIT and Princeton together, and you begin to get an idea of the status of this school in India. • $700 a year room and board, and tuition.

40. What happens if you fail the JEE? • Must take a one year “Preparatory Course”:English, Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. • After completion of one year and pass JEE, continue course of study. • Similar to the AASU entrance into the Teachers program, Must pass GACE.

41. Are there equal access to Education? • India’s Constitution requires a form of affirmative action so everyone has access. • Must pass a relax JEE. • Admit 15% of Scheduled Castes. • Admit 7.5% of Scheduled Tribes.

42. Why is India’s literacy rate so high?

43. Poverty and Caste System linked to education

44. Poverty is divided into two types Rural and Urban. Rural areas like: Bihar and Orissa depends on agriculture which is highly Dependent on rain patterns and the monsoon season. This cause low, or No production of crops in terms leads to poverty. Urban areas (Caste systems) like: Delhi and Punjab have very low poverty ratios. High Caste are expected to be well educated. Low caste are expected to be Uneducated. Resulting in 1/3 of the country’s population is illiterate (350 million unable To read or write.

45. What is India doing to help poor children learn? • A project in Bangalore teach children to read and use computers. • Sponsored by the city’s leading IT companies annually.

46. India’s Brain Drain In 2003, 3 million degrees: Math, engineering, an Science degrees.2k leave annual Didn’t find Job at home. Went to US,UK and Other developed countries. 78% of engineers leave India for BPO like TCS, Wipro etc. Go4BPO- client-Centri Bussiness Process Outsourcing Company mortgage loan processing, Insurance Claim, Data Entry Processing, Transaction services.

47. India’s Brain Gain 2008 India created 9 more IITs. IBM hires 50,000 workers in India. Prospect of Graduating 200,000 IT annually. Graduates return home with Professional business experience and special skills. TCS (Tata Consultancy services) to hire PhDs from IITs without interview. Chevron - Calcutta. Microsoft, Intel, PCs, Sun Microsystems.

48. Followed by Honorable Desiree Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

49. Global Connections Desiree Fussell

50. Foreign Investment • Exchange for outsourcing • Lose jobs in US to outsourcing, but gain jobs when foreign companies invest here