Structure & Function of the Nervous System

1. Structure & Function of the Nervous System Biology 9: Moretti & Dickson

2. Bio 9B: Tuesday, January 11, 2011Title: Structure & Function of Nerve Cells • Homework: • Complete Post-Lab Conclusions for Wednesday. • Write a draft of the “Final Assessment” on a separate sheet of paper for Tuesday • Do Now: • Complete the Cell Specialization Do Now • Today’s Objectives: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

3. Agenda Cell Specialization Do Now Nervous System Notes – Day 1 Reaction Time Lab – Day 1

4. Investigate Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells have Specialized Structures “Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

5. Agenda Nervous System Notes – Day 1 Reaction Time Lab – Day 1

6. Neurons:Structure and Function • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

7. Neurons • Neuron = a specialized nerve cell • Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses) • Structure: • Long branches send and receive signals • Cell body coordinates incoming and outgoing signals

8. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

9. Neurons:Structure and Function Axon Cell Body Dendrites • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

10. Nervous System:The 2 Major Divisions • Central Nervous System • Brain and spinal cord • Brain: Processes information and controls responses • Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves and controls reflex responses. • Peripheral Nervous System • All other nerves throughout the body • Motor Neurons send info from brain to muscles • Sensory Neurons send info from sense organs to brain • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components Image: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg

11. Nervous System:Major Divisions Working Together • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

12. Agenda Reaction Time Lab – Day 1

13. Reaction Time Lab Tom Harold Emperor Zuri Nancy Aser Patrick McHenley Andre Jamesley Trevon Larissa Whitney Leslie Natalie N Grace Natalie G Leela Emily Israel Alex Julian Ricardo

14. Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups • Abstract: When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it. • Demo • Complete Pre-lab • Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

15. Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

16. Bio 9B: Monday, January 17, 2011Title: No Class – MLK Day • Homework: • Do Now: • Today’s Objectives:

17. Bio 9B: Tuesday, January 18, 2011Title: Reaction Time- Day 2 Double Block • Homework: • Complete Post-Lab Conclusions for Wednesday. • Write a draft of the “Final Assessment” on a separate sheet of paper for Tuesday • Do Now: • What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? • How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron? • Today’s Objectives: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

18. Agenda Complete Reaction Time Lab Notes: Nerve Impulses

19. Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups • Abstract: When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it. • Demo • Complete Pre-lab • Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

20. Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

21. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

22. Nerve Impulse:A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron 3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse: • Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron). • Electric impulse travels to cell body. • Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals. Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste, another neuron’s signal) • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

23. The “wave” of a nerve impulse • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

24. Neurons communicate with other cells Other neurons Synapse: The place where a neuron connects to another cell Motor neuron Muscle cell

25. Communication At the Synapse • Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule). • Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell. • This triggers an impulse in the next cell. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

26. Communication w/ Muscle Cells • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

27. Bio 9B: Wednesday, January 19, 2011Title: Prep/ Catch-up/ Revise • Homework: • Complete the “Final Assessment” and prepare for open notes quiz tomorrow (you will only have access to the essay you complete tonight for HW and not the rest of your notebook, handouts, etc.) • We start exam review in the second half of tomorrow’s double block • Do Now: • Prepare to get a computer by getting out your materials and sitting silently for my next instruction. • Today’s Objectives: • Catch up on work that needs to be completed

28. Prep/ Catch-up/ Revise • Use this period to: • Complete the “Final Assessment” for the Reaction Lab • Complete any missing assignments that are due tomorrow as the FINAL deadline • Revise any revisable work

29. Bio 9B: Thursday, January 20, 2011Title: Structure & Movement Open Quiz • Homework: • You must complete studying for at least your 1stTWO Priorities by Monday in order to work in groups! • If you can complete more of the process, then you should do! • Do Now: • Take out the “Final Assessment” Essay due today and put all other materials in your backpacks. • Today’s Objectives: • Demonstrate your understanding of how the nervous, skeletal, and muscle systems all work together to make you move • Begin Preparing for Exams

30. Overview of Midterm Preparation • Overview/ explanation of review process • Steps For Mid-Term Review: • Students individually rank their understanding and prioritize studying • Students individually assemble their materials for the 1st priority • Begin individual study/ review of that unit • Repeat steps 2 and 3 for your next priorities of studying

31. Structure & Movement Final Assessment • No talking • If you have a question or need something from your bag, please raise your hand and ask permission • When done, please put your quiz face down on the kidney table and staple the Reaction Time Lab to it • Begin the First Steps of the Midterm Review Process

32. Midterm Preparation • Individually rank your understanding and prioritize studying • Individually assemble your materials for the 1st priority • If time allows, begin individual study/ review of that unit. • You must complete studying for at least your 1stTWO Priorities by Monday in order to work in groups! • If you can complete more of the process, then you should do!