1 / 14

A.P.E.

A.P.E. The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion (Major Themes). Colonial Empires. During the 16 th and 17 th c., the Western maritime powers est. vast commercial, mercantile empires in N. & S. America.

obert
Download Presentation

A.P.E.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. A.P.E. The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion (Major Themes)

  2. Colonial Empires • During the 16th and 17th c., the Western maritime powers est. vast commercial, mercantile empires in N. & S. America. • Purpose  extract wealth and est. commercial advantage for the colonial power. • Largest empire = Spain; by 17th c. Britain and France also each est. major American presence • Colonies dependent upon slave labor

  3. Trade Wars • 18th c. a period of wars over colonial empires in Americas and India • Trade wars entangled with dynastic wars in central and eastern Europe (worldwide wars) • Britain, France, and Spain battled for New World and Indian dominance • Britain emerged as major power by third quarter of 1700s (Spain still had large colonial empire, but was weak militarily)

  4. Dynastic Wars • France, Austria, and Prussia fought territorial and dynastic wars in Europe • Britain used the wars in Europe to divert France from colonial ambitions • Britain and Prussia = big winners by 1763 • Austria lost territory to Prussia • France in debt

  5. Results • Wars = need for more money = need for monarchies to govern more efficiently • Need for money = British taxes in N. America = revolution & independence • French helped American colonies = French debt = conflict with nobility = French Revolution • Revolutionary movements in Spanish Americas • Prussia, Austria, Russia = Enlightened Absolutism

  6. 16th and early 17th c.

  7. 18th c.

  8. A World of Goods • In 18th c. Europe, for the first time, a mass mkt. for consumer goods emerged • Houses larger, more luxuries  sugar, tobacco, tea, coffee, chocolate, newspapers, books, pictures, clocks, toys, china, glassware, soap, razors, furniture (including beds w/mattresses, chairs, chests of drawers), shoes, cotton cloth, pewterware, silverware, spare clothing • Exploding consumer economy  increased demand for manufactured goods  increased prices • Also, growing service sector (fastest growing part of economy in Britain)  golden age of small shopkeepers • Many new consumer goods came from Europe’s empires in Asia, Africa, Americas

  9. Colonialism: Spain • Mercantilist  only Spanish merchants allowed to trade w/Spanish colonies and all exports and imports had to go through a Spanish port • Sm. Spanish pop. Of administrators and churchmen governing a large Indian pop. • Did not attempt to uproot or eliminate existing native pop.  controlled and exploited for labor • Widespread cultural assimilation • High degree of intermarriage  racial and social “caste” system

  10. Colonialism: France • Colonial system matured during Louis XIV and Colbert • Sugar producing West Indies most profitable colonies • Furs, fish, tobacco in North America • Direct crown enterprises • Intermarriage between fur traders and Indian women common • Colonies dependent on crown for wages and supplies; rarely self-sufficient

  11. Colonialism: Dutch • Until 1670 the most prosperous commercial empire of 17th c. • “fort and factory” model • Dutch monopoly in Europe over pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, and clover • Trade w/Japan and China • Lost New Amsterdam (New York) in trade war with England • Dominated slave trade in 17th c. until lost control to English • Created joint-stock company and stock exchange

  12. Colonialism: England • American colonies had no mineral wealth  agricultural • Many early settlements driven by religious motives • Early settlements private, but later subject to mercantilist laws • Most valuable products  tobacco and sugar • Colonies did not start as crown enterprises  joint-stock companies and private proprietary colonies • European disease had wiped out native pop. Before English had even arrived • No need or opportunity to control large Indian labor force  eliminate through expulsion and massacre • Intermarriage rare • Labor  indentured servants and slaves

More Related