Unit 12 A Fundamental Technique in Handling People

1. Unit 12A Fundamental Technique in Handling People Contemporary College English Book IV

2. Contents Warm-up 1 Background Information 2 Text Appreciation 3 Language Study 4 Extension 5

3. Warm-up 1 Questions / Activities Warm-up Objectives

4. Questions / Activities • Have you ever read a book on self-improvement? If so, do you find it useful? • Do you think it necessary for people to have special training on skills for handling interpersonal relationships? Why or why not? • Do you follow certain principles of your own in handling interpersonal relationships? • What is the “fundamental technique in handling people” according to the author? Are you convinced?

5. Objectives • Through this lesson, students will • be able to recap (扼要重述）many examples and anecdotes used by the writer to illustrate what we should and shouldn’t do in handling people; • think about the question of criticism and human relations; • analyze the organization and the language style of the text; • learn the related vocabulary and other useful words and phrases in the text.

6. 2 Background Information The Author Background Genre

7. The Author Dale Carnegie's main focus is on dealing with and motivating people successfully. His common sense approach is easy to understand and apply in both personal and business relationships. He developed several famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking and interpersonal skills.

8. The Author He wrote one of the most popular books in history, and taught millions of people how to achieve self-confidence and interpersonal social skills. Carnegie became an icon of 20th century America through his book and his classes. His simple, yet effective techniques for winning friends and influencing people have proven enduring and become part of the American culture.

9. 戴尔·卡耐基（Dale Carnegie，1888年11月24日－1955年11月1日），美国著名的人际关系学大师，西方现代人际关系教育的奠基人。卡内基开创的“人际关系训练班”遍布世界各地。他早期是著作《人性的光辉》、《语言的突破》、《美好的人生》《人性的优点》曾被译成二十八种文字，其中《人性的弱点全集》一书，是继《圣经》之后世界出版史上第二畅销书。他在1912年创立卡內基训练，以教导人们人际沟通及处理压力的技巧。

10. Genre Self-help books are books written with the stated intention to instruct any readers on a number of personal problems. They first appeared in the Victorian age and flourished to become a postmodern cultural phenomenon in the late twentieth century—a period marked out by “the burgeoning literature （新兴文学） of self-improvement”.

11. Writing Style Dale Carnegie is not a scholar. His reasoning is neither profound nor particularly strong in logic. But he expresses his ideas eloquently and uses many interesting historical anecdotes to illustrate his points, which makes his book interesting to read.

13. Text Analysis Structure Text Appreciation 3 Theme Detailed Analysis Paraphrasing

14. Theme • In handling people, we should be cautious in offering criticism, but be generous in showing understanding and giving praise.

15. Structure

16. Detailed Analysis Part I: Main Idea Can you summarize the main idea in one sentence? Animals learn better through encouragement than through punishment. Humans are the same. Do you agree? Do you think humans and animals are comparable in this respect? Do you agree with the reasons that the author give for saying “criticism is futile?”

17. Detailed Analysis Part II (para. 2-4): Main Idea • Why does the writer cite the example of Lincoln? • In what way is the writer familiar with Lincoln? • How do you like the writer’s account of the incident in Lincoln’s youth? Is it reliable? • Do you believe that this incident in Lincoln’s youth was the real reason for his generosity and tolerance?

18. Detailed Analysis Part II (para. 5-11): Main Idea • Can you summarize the example given in this part? What point does it illustrate? • What purpose does para. 7 serve? Is this long story necessary? How does para. 8 make you feel? • How does para. 10 make you feel? If you were told beforehand that the letter was never mailed, would you have the same interest in reading it? • Why does the author tell us his guess of Lincoln’s reasoning behind the decision? Is his guess plausible?

19. Detailed Analysis Part II (para. 12-15): Main Idea • What was Mark Twain’s reaction towards criticism in para. 12? Is it appropriate? What does the writer want to illustrate by this example? • Is the author correct in saying the quotation in para.14 is from Confucius? Another saying, which is really by Confucius, would be more suitable here. What is it? • Do you agree with the author when he says humans are “creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices, and motivated by pride and vanity?”

20. Detailed Analysis Part II (para. 16-21): Main Idea • What connotations do these following words have: “diplomatic”, “adroit at handling people”? Do you think the writer has made good choices of words in the Benjamin Franklin example? • “Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain— and most fools do.” What is the writer doing here? • If you were Hoover, would you have done the same in that situation?

21. Paraphrasing Part II(para. 2-4): Sentence paraphrase • I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study …as it is possible for any being to make.(para.3) • In this “as …as possible” pattern, if what follows the first “as” is a noun modified by an adjective, then the article “a” should be placed before the noun.

22. We should work hard to achieve as high a growth rate as possible. 我们应该努力实现尽可能高的增长率。 • Due regard must also be paid to "recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible". • 征聘人员时还应充分注意“使他们来自尽可能广阔的地域”。

23. Paraphrasing Part II(para. 2-4): Sentence Paraphrase • He found out who wrote the letter leaped on his horse, started after Lincoln and challenged him to fight a duel.（para.3) • Note the touch of humor here. The writer used four very short verb phrases in a row to create a sense of quickness and eagerness in the man’s getting into a duel fight, thus implying the extremeness of Lincoln’s provocation.

24. Paraphrasing Part II (para. 5-11): Sentence Paraphrase …but Lincoln, “with malice toward none, with charity for all,” held his peace.(para. 5) The quotation comes from Lincoln’s second inaugural speech in which he expressed the hope for a peace without hatred, and called upon his countrymen to act “with malice toward none, with charity for all… to bind up the nation’s wounds… to do all which may achieve a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”

25. Paraphrasing Part II (para. 5-11): Sentence Paraphrase One of his favorite quotations was “Judge not, that ye be not judged.”(para.5) • This quotation comes from the Bible-Matthew7-1,which means: Do not judge others, for if you do, others will judge you by the same measure you use.

26. Paraphrasing Part II (para. 5-11): Sentence Paraphrase I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape.(para.9) Paraphrasing: I don’t think you fully understand what a big mistake you made in letting Lee escape or what serious consequences it will entail.

27. Paraphrasing Part II (para. 5-11): Sentence paraphrase If I send this letter, it will only arouse hard feelings and impair all his further usefulness as a commander.(para.11) Paraphrasing: If this letter reaches him, it will only serve to hurt his confidence and make him feel inadequate as a commander, which will affect his performance in the future because he will never be his best again.

28. Central Idea ● Dale Carnegie’s central idea is that if we want to learn how to handle people, we must always remember notto criticize them, not to speak ill of them, or ridicule them; not to indulge in fault-finding and gossiping about others’ mistakes or weaknesses, because if we do, it will always hurt people’s pride, create bad feelings, make them defensive, and destroy their confidence.

29. ● Therefore, the best way of handling people is to withhold our criticisms and show our understanding and trust. We should all be quick to recognize others’ virtues and be generous with our praise for their achievements.

30. Words 4 Language Study Key points phrases

31. 1.Apply ●apply to: 对……适用 e.g. This law does not apply to the present situation. Other collocations of “apply”: ● apply to: 向某机构提出申请 e.g. You have to apply to the school authorities. ● apply for: 为某事提出申请 e.g. Do you know how to apply for a scholarship?

32. 2.Justify justify vt.1).show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for; 2).show to be right by providing justification or proof替 , 证明 ... 正当, e.g. Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam. right justify 右端顶满 left justify 左对齐 justification n.辩护,正当的理由

33. 3.Indulge 1）. [ vi. & vt. ] to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you (indulge in…; indulge oneself) E.g. Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking. 2）. [ vt. ] to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them E.g. His mother spoiled him, indulging his every whim.

34. Some Indian people indulge in wedding extravaganza. 有些印度人沈迷于婚礼的大肆铺张。 I never indulge children with plenty of pocket money. 我从不放任子女花大量零用钱。 Will you indulge my curiosity and tell me how much it costs? 你能不能满足我的好奇心,告诉我那值多少钱？

35. 4. put/force somebody on the defensive 1).if you put someone on the defensive in an argument, you attack them so that they are in a weaker position → go on the offensive : e.g. An issue that put the White House on the defensive 促使白宫进入防守状态的事件 Warnings of an enemy attack forced the troops onto the defensive. 敌军来袭的警报让部队进入防守状态。

36. 2).defensive adj. used or intended to protect sb. or sth. against attack 我们使用核武器仅仅是为了防御。 We use the nuclear weapons only for defensive purpose. 你认为他会成为一个好的防守球员吗？ Do you think he will became a good defensive player?

37. 5.speak ill of speak ill of: to say bad things about speak good of e.g. Always speak good of others behind them, don't be afraid that the compliments cannot be passed on to their ears. ill: means bad or badly e.g. ill-tempered, ill-treated, ill-equipped, ill-prepared

38. 6.Adroit adroit adj.熟练的,灵巧的,机敏的,善于…的 e.g. He is adroit in handling machinery. He soon became adroit at steering the boat. maladroit [.mælə'drɔit] adj. 笨拙的 be made American Ambassador to (country's name) 驻某国大使

39. 7.strive Strive： vi.attempt by employing effort; to exert much effort or energy奋斗,努力,力求,斗争 e.g. The scientists strive for a breakthrough in cancer research. We should all strive to reunify the motherland.

40. 8.Arouse arouse ： v. call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); stop sleeping; cause to become awake or conscious 叫醒,唤醒,激起,睡醒 e.g. He fell into a sound sleep, don't arouse him. The slogan was designd to arouse the people. His sufferings aroused our sympathy

41. arouse与rouse的不同 arouse与rouse的不同：rouse: 较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。 1).arouse: 除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。 arouse主要指唤起引起无形的东西,通常与fear， curiosity等抽象名词连用。 e.g. This aroused my suspicion. 2).rouse 则常以具体的人或动物为对象，指把某人叫醒，引起某人的兴趣。 e.g. The professor's speech failed to rouse his audience.

42. 9.Exhaustive exhaustive: 是形容词，意为“完全的”、“彻底的”（thorough or complete），与之经常搭配的词有 work、inquiries、research、investigation、treatment 等。 This is a piece of exhaustive work. 这是一部完美的作品。 The police are making an exhaustive investigation of the crime.

43. Exhausting& Exhausted exhausting: 是现在分词，作形容词使用，义：“使竭尽的”、“使疲惫的”（to make empty or tire out）。与之经常搭配使用的词有day、job、task、experiment等。 This is a piece of exhausting work. A journey through the mountains is exhausting. Exhausted:是过去分词，意为“空竭的”、“疲惫的”（fatigued or tired），用作表语形容词，放在连系动词之后。 After taking part in the cleaning campaign，the children were much exhausted.

44. 10.indulge indulge vt.迁就,纵情于,放任 vi.放纵自己于 indulge in 沉溺于,纵情于... e.g. He no longer indulged himself in smoking.

45. 11.常见律师说法 practicing lawyer 见习律师., 开业律师 attorney [ə'tə:ni] n.(辩护)律师... 主要用于美国，指代理当事人处理遗嘱检验等法律事务的律师，有时可与lawyer通用，泛指辩护律师 solicitor [sə'lisitə; sə'lisətə] n. a British lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents 律师 barrister ['bæristə] n.出庭律师(在英国有资格出席高等法院进行辩护)

46. 12.ridicule ridicule ['ridikju:l] n.嘲笑,愚弄,笑柄 v.嘲笑,愚弄 e.g. To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule. ridiculous adj.荒谬的,可笑的

47. 13.indignation indignation[.indig'neiʃən] n. a feeling of righteous anger 愤怒, 愤慨, 义愤 (较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒) e.g. I expressed my indignation at being unfairly dismissed. boiled with indignation 怒火中烧。 be indignant with sb. 对某人感到愤慨.

48. 14.challenge challenge n.挑战,邀请比赛,盘问,质疑 v.向 ,盘问,质疑 challenge sb/sth e.g. I did not think he was right, so I challenged him. New competitors are emerging to challenge the old economic arrangements.

49. challenge sb to sth 要求某人做某事 e.g. He challenged me to a debate. challenge sb to a duel, a game of tennis challenge sb to do sth e.g. Never challenge a fool to do wrong. rise to the challenge vi. 接受挑战(应付某种复杂局面) take up the challenge vi. 应战

50. 15.invaluable 1.invaluable adj.无价的,非常珍贵的 valuable adj.贵重的,宝贵的 priceless adj. 无价的 2. valueless adj.无价值的,不值钱的,不足道的 3. worthless adj. 无价值的, 无用的, 可鄙的