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CHAPTER 13

CHAPTER 13. SECTION 2. 1. GHANA. 2. RULER & SUBJECT. drums called citizens to meetings with kings settled arguments managed trade protected empire expected complete obedience in return merchants received favors from kings kings received taxes from merchants

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CHAPTER 13

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  1. CHAPTER 13 SECTION 2 1

  2. GHANA 2

  3. RULER & SUBJECT • drums called citizens to meetings with kings • settled arguments • managed trade • protected empire • expected complete obedience in return • merchants received favors from kings • kings received taxes from merchants • local rulers kept some power • kings received their loyalty • kingdoms grow richer • extended control over larger area • system kept peace 3

  4. GOVERNMENT • council of ministers • group of close advisors • provinces • kingdom divided to control empire • district chiefs • oversaw smaller districts • clan • group of families related by blood or marriage • descended from same ancestor 4

  5. GOVERNMENT CONTINUED • insisted local rulers send sons to royal court • kings controlled trade • gold nuggets – only king owned • people only traded with gold dust • kingdom inherited by sister’s son 5

  6. MALI GOVERNMENT • larger scale • more territory • more people • more trade • royal officials • supervised Niger River fishing • looked after forests • oversaw farming • managed money 6

  7. SUNDIATA KEITA • founder • divided empire into provinces • put generals put in charge • accepted • protected people from invaders • often came from provinces they ruled 7

  8. MANSA MUSA • kept citizens loyal • rewarded with gold, land, & horses • “National Honor of the Trousers” • granted to military heroes • Muslim • made Mali a great center of education, commerce, & the arts 8

  9. MANSA MUSA’S PILGRIMAGE • brought with him… • 8,000 enslaved people • 100 camels carrying baggage • 24,000 pounds of gold • each person carried a staff of gold • spent so much gold in Cairo that price of gold dropped & did not recover for more than 12 years • announced Mali’s riches & achievements to world • brought attention to his kingdom • put Mali on map • many European nations & African kingdoms wished to establish trade with Mali 9

  10. SONGHAI Empire built on traditions of Ghana and Mali. 10

  11. SUNNI ALI • founder • divided empire into provinces • never finished • continually moved, fighting battles • originally practiced traditional religion • declared himself Muslim to keep support of townspeople • mysterious death • son refused to follow father’s example 11

  12. MUHAMMAD TURE • Sunni Ali’s general (Songhai) • seized control of government • loyal Muslim • had support of Muslim townspeople declared himself king • religious ideas affected government • drove Ali’s family from Songhai • took name “Askia” rank in army 12

  13. ASKIA MUHAMMAD • built largest empire in medieval West Africa • kept local courts in place – told to honor Muslim laws • made Timbuktu center of Islamic culture • set up 150 schools to teach Quran • Muslim schools introduced Arabic language to Africa • empire survived family disputes • Moroccan invasion ended empire (guns) 13

  14. OLAUDAH EQUIANO • member of Igbo • wrote … • Africans did have a religion • believed one creator of all things • supreme god • determined death & captivity 14

  15. IBN BATTUTA • young Arab lawyer from Morocco • traveled throughout lands of Islam for almost 30 years • surprised by what he saw on his travels • visited Mogadishu & met sultan • sultan – a military or political leader • not all Muslim women in Africa wore veils • wrote about his observations 15

  16. SWAHILI • “people of the coast” • language & culture of East Africa • African influence from interior Africa • Muslim influence from Arab & Persian settlers • halted inland trade when Portuguese tried to destroy Swahili culture 16

  17. ISLAM’S IMPACT ON AFRICA • people adopted Islamic laws & ideas about what is right & wrong • Islam advanced learning • Arabic language was introduced • African art & buildings • architects built beautiful mosques & palaces 17

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