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ENERGY CONSUMPTION & AVAILIABILITY IN TANZANIA. -Brief Presentation to the Jatropha Agriculture Conference- By Eng.James L.Ngeleja-MSc.Mechanical Engineering (1982-Cuba) Principal Environment Management Officer(NEMC) Member (NAG&REWG)-March,2011. ENERGY RESOURCE & CONSUMPTION.
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ENERGY CONSUMPTION & AVAILIABILITY IN TANZANIA -Brief Presentation to the Jatropha Agriculture Conference- By Eng.JamesL.Ngeleja-MSc.Mechanical Engineering (1982-Cuba) Principal Environment Management Officer(NEMC) Member (NAG&REWG)-March,2011
ENERGY RESOURCE & CONSUMPTION • Tz is endowed with significant quantities of energy resources-(Hydropower 4700 MW-Large & small);Coal;Naturalgas;Solar;Wind & Biomass • Energy consumption especially for modern energy (electricity) is very low see comparison from 2009 World Energy Statistics with other countries (Netherland-popul-16.4 mill-7229 kwh per capita; Sweden-popul-9.3-14811 kwh; Tanzania-42.3 mill-84 kwh; Kenya-38.5-156 kwh) • TZ 2008 total energy consumption is about 22 million TOE broken into Petroleum-(8%-mostly for transport, industry and power generation) ;Electricity-(2% for household, sector industry and commerce) & Biomass-(90% mostly for cooking and heating in households and commercial-SMEs)
BIOMASS ENERGY CONSUMPTION CATEGORIES • Households-about8.5 million country wide (rural and urban;Institutions and SMEs) • Biomass fuels-(Jatropha, Croton,Ethanol,Methane,bio-briquettes,pellets) • Biomass Cogeneration and Gasification- (for electricity and thermal in industry and SMEs) • TZ consumes more biomass energy in its inefficient traditional way for cooking. For example Charcoal consumption as per 2008 WWF Study is about 2650 tons daily • Dar-es Salaam City alone Charcoal consumption l is worth 350 million US Dollars and national wide is worth 650 million Dollars–WB 2009
BIOMASS IMPACTS AND AVAILIABILITY • Biomass Supply sources are currently not sustainable and that have significant negative environmental problems notably deforestation • Biomass energy consumption on its traditional form has negative health impacts as well • However Biomass resource is available from forest plantations and wood industry. In the wood industry alone about 1.2 million tons in wood residues is available that could generate about 128Gwh(NEMC,2008) • Crop waste/Agricultural waste e.g coconut husks and shells; sisal waste maize: cobs rice husks; cotton stalks could be harnessed to address rural energy needs sustainably • Implementation of VPO2006 Strategy where 1.5 million trees are planted annually has good progress - over80% performance
WAY FORWARD FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL ENERGY • Promotion of Small farmers (campesinos/guajiros) for decentralized small power plant systems e.g 50-100 kW using Jatropha fuels cultivated from their own land without jeopardizing the food security • Promote the use of Jatrophagasifier stoves for cooking to reduce/eliminate indoor air pollution which is source of respiratory track diseases (RTDs) to people in rural households mainly • Promote the use of Jatropha oil in lighting lamps instead of kerosene lamps in order to save foreign currency from importing kerosene • Contract faming in partnership with large scale farming (Chiapa State-Mexico)
