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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. World War II. The Rise of Dictators A. Benito Mussolini-Italy 1. 1 st Major dictatorship in Europe 2. Fascism-Aggressive nationalism 3. Nation is more important than individual 4. Need for a strong leader

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 World War II

  2. The Rise of Dictators A. Benito Mussolini-Italy 1. 1st Major dictatorship in Europe 2. Fascism-Aggressive nationalism 3. Nation is more important than individual 4. Need for a strong leader 5. Nation becomes great by expanding its territory and building its military 6. Anti-Communist 7. Black Shirts-Militia 8. Marched on Rome- Became premier

  3. B. Joseph Stalin-Soviet Union (USSR) 1. 1926-After the death of Lenin 2. Massive industrialization 3. Had Millions of peasants killed for resisting his policies. 4. Communist-One Party Rule

  4. C. Adolph Hitler-Germany 1. Political and Economic Chaos in Germany after WWI. 2. Mein Kampf 3. Nazi Party-Nationalistic and Anti- Communist 4. Unification of all German speaking people 5. Aryans-Master Race 6. Jews responsible for the world’s problems 7. Appointed Prime Minister 8. Storm Troopers-Private Army

  5. D. Militarists-Japan 1. Difficult Economic Times 2. 1931 Army invades Manchuria 3. Military takes control of the country 4. Hideki Tojo

  6. II. America Turns to Neutrality A. Isolationism-Avoid all International Commitments B. Neutrality Act of 1935 1. Illegal to sell weapons to any country currently at war. C. Neutrality Act of 1937 1. Non-Military supplies can be sold to warring countries on a “cash and carry” basis only. D. Roosevelt supported Internationalism 1. Trade between nations creates prosperity and prevents war.

  7. E. The Axis Powers 1. Rome-Berlin Axis a. Germany and Italy b. Japan joins with them c. They are the Axis Powers 2. Japan Invades China 1937 3. Roosevelt sells weapons to China

  8. Section 2 WWII Begins

  9. “Peace in Our Time” • March 1938-Hitler announces the Anschluss • -Unification of Germany and Austria • B. Hitler then claimed the Sudetenland • 1. Part of Czechoslovakia • 2. Large German Speaking Population • 3. France, Britain and the U.S.S.R. threatened to fight Germany if they attacked Czechoslovakia • C. The Munich Conference • 1. Britain and France agree to give in to Hitler’s demands to prevent another war. • Appeasement • 2. Hitler Promises no more acts of aggression

  10. D. March 1939-Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia E. Hitler then demanded Danzig-Polish Port F. May 1939-Hitler orders invasion of Poland G. Aug. 1939-Hitler and Stalin sign non- aggression pact 1. Promise not to fight each other 2. Secretly promise to divide Poland II. The War Begins A. Sep. 1, 1939-Germany and U.S.S.R. invade Poland B. Sep. 3-Britain and France declare war on Germany

  11. C. Germans used blitzkrieg in Poland 1. Lightning War 2. Coordinated attack by Tanks, Planes and infantry. 3. Oct. 5 Poland is defeated D. April 9, 1940 Germans attack Norway and Denmark

  12. E. The “Sitzkrieg” 1. Maginot Line 2. Hitler invades The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg 3. British and French Troops go into Belgium and are trapped

  13. F. Miracle at Dunkirk 1. 338,000 British and French troops evacuated across English Channel G. June 22, 1940-France Surrenders 1. Germany installs a puppet govt.

  14. III. Britain Remains Defiant A. Hitler thought Britain would negotiate for peace. B. Winston Churchill rallies the British people C. Germany plans to invade Britain 1. Luftwaffe-German Air force 2. Royal Air Force- British bomb Berlin D. British Outnumbered- 1. Radar

  15. Section 3 The Holocaust

  16. Nazi Persecution of the Jews • The Holocaust • Nearly 6 million Jews and millions of other people were killed by the Nazi’s • The Hebrew term is Shoah meaning catastrophe • B. Who was oppressed? • 1. Anyone who opposed them • 2. The disabled • 3. Gypsies • 4. Homosexuals • 5. Slavs • 6. Strongest hatred was toward the Jews.

  17. C. Sept. 1935- The Nuremberg Laws 1. Took Citizenship away from German Jews 2. Banned marriage between Germans and Jews D. Nov. 9, 1938-Kristallnacht 1. “Night of Broken Glass” 2. 90 Jews died, hundreds injured, thousands of Jewish businesses destroyed, over 180 synagogues wrecked.

  18. E. Escape! 1. 1933-1939; 350,000 Jews escaped Nazi Germany 2. Millions remained trapped 3. The Great Depression caused immigration restrictions in many countries 4. Could not take more than $4 out of the country II. The Final Solution A. The Wannsee Conference

  19. II. The Final Solution A. The Wannsee Conference B. The Plan 1. Round up Jews and other “undesirables” 2. Put them in “Concentration Camps” 3. Healthy individuals would work as slave labor 4. Elderly, sick, young would be sent to Extermination Camps to be killed in large gas chambers. 5. Extermination camps could kill thousands each day.

  20. Section 4 America Enters the war

  21. FDR Supports England • Roosevelt Declared the U.S. Neutral • Destroyers for Bases Deal • Sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain • Britain gave U.S. right to build naval bases • Newfoundland • Bermuda • Caribbean Islands • II. Isolationist Debate • A. American public opinion favored the Allies • B. America 1st Committee-Opposed intervention or aid to the Allies • C. Roosevelt ran for a 3rd term as President in 1940 • 1. Beat Wendell Willkie by a large margin

  22. III. Edging Toward War A. Lend Lease Act 1. U.S. could lend or lease arms to any country considered vital to the defense of the U.S. B. June 1941-Hitler invaded Soviet Union C. Hemispheric Defense Zone 1. Western half of Atlantic Ocean was neutral 2. U.S. navy patrolled these waters and revealed location of German submarines to the British.

  23. D. Atlantic Charter 1. Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to what the post-war world would look like a. Democracy b. nonaggression c. free trade d. economic advancement e. freedom of the seas E. German sub fired on the U.S.S. Greer 1. Roosevelt ordered a “shoot on sight policy” toward German submarines. G. German sub sank the U.S.S. Reuben James

  24. IV. Japan Attacks the United States A. Roosevelt introduced policies to discourage the Japanese from attacking British colonies B. 1940 Export Control Act 1. Gave President the power to Restrict the sale of “strategic Materials” to other countries 2. Roosevelt blocked the sale of airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan 3. Japan signed an alliance with Germany and Italy

  25. C. Japan threatened the British Empire in Asia 1. Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in U.S. 2. Reduced the amount of Oil shipped to Japan 3. Sent Gen MacArthur to the Philippines to build American Defenses D. Japanese Decision 1. End Imperialism or go to war with U.S. 2. Sent a peace envoy to the U.S. 3. Began planning an attack on the U.S.

  26. E. December 7, 1941-Japan attacked Pearl Harbor 1. 21 Ships sunk or damaged 2. 2,403 Americans killed F. December 8, Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war on Japan G. Dec. 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

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