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Alternative Medicine Hormonal Supplement

Alternative Medicine Hormonal Supplement. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands Actions/Uses: -Normal levels balance immune system and help maintain and repair tissues -Tranquilizing effect

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Alternative Medicine Hormonal Supplement

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  1. Alternative MedicineHormonal Supplement

  2. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) • Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands • Actions/Uses: -Normal levels balance immune system and help maintain and repair tissues -Tranquilizing effect -DHEA production declines approximately 10% each decade after age 30. Supple-mentation thought to detour the aging process. Increase vigor and vitality. -

  3. DHEA -May increase muscle mass and strength due to increased production of IGF-1 -Antiobesity agent (?) -May protect against coronary thrombosis -May provide some protection from osteoporosis -Replacement of hormone replacement therapy in women -Treatment of lupus -Anti-depressant

  4. DHEA Safety: -Androgenic effect that may increase risk of breast cancer in women and prostrate cancer in men -Increased risk of hepatitis -Elevates blood lipid levels • No benefits have been confirmed from DHEA supplementation

  5. Alternative MedicineNutritional Supplements

  6. Beta Carotene • Carotenoid with antioxidant properties • Functions: -Precusor to Vitamin A essential for normal vision, cell differentiation, reproduction, integrity of immune system, and bone growth -May reduce risk of cataract formation -May reduce risk of CVD

  7. Beta Carotene -May reduce the risk of certain cancers • Sources: -Dark green and deep orange fruits and vegetables • Safety: -Beta carotene is relatively non-toxic. Doses >30 mg/d for several weeks may cause carotenodermia -Doses of 25 mg/d considered to be safe limit except for heavy smokers

  8. Vitamin E • Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat soluble antioxidant • Functions: -Reduces risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) -Red Blood Cell formation and stability -Enhances the immune system -Slows onset of cataracts -Antioxidant properties enhanced by ascorbic acid and selenium

  9. Vitamin E • RDA: -Adult Male: 15 mg alpha TE or 15 IU/d -Adult Female: 8 mg alpha TE or 12 IU/d -Dietary requirements increase with increased consumption of PUFA’s. • Deficiency Symptoms: -Neurological distrubances -Ataxia

  10. Vitamin E • Sources: -Vegetable oils, margarine, wheat germ, nuts, and whole grains • Safety: -Doses up to 800 IU/d have generally been found to be safe -Individuals on anti-coagulant therapy should not take vitamin E supplements due to increased prothrombin time

  11. Vitamin C • Ascorbic acid is a water soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties • Functions: -Inhibits oncogenic transformation of cells -Inhibits formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines -Essential for collagen synthesis -Regeneration of tocopherol (vitamin E) -Needed for neurotransmitter formation

  12. Vitamin C -May improve glucose tolerance -Enhances iron absorption -Formation and release of steroid hormones -Stimulates immune system -Reduces risk of CHD • -RDA: -Adults 60 mg/d (Smokers 100 mg/d) -200 mg/d safe upper limit

  13. Vitamin C • Deficiency Symptoms: -Scruvy -Slow healing wounds -Anemia • Sources: -Citrus fruits and vegetables • Safety: -Ascorbic acid is relatively non-toxic

  14. Vitamin C -One gram of ascorbic acid per day is considered to be safe with no adverse effects -Ingestion of high doses of ascorbic acid (2 grams or higher/day) may cause: -Gastritis -Diarrhea -Kidney stones -Rebound scurvy -Decreased absorption of vitamin B12 • Individuals with a hx of oxalate stones should not take vitamin C supplements

  15. Vitamin C • No evidence that ascorbic acid has beneficial effects in advanced cancer patients • Ascorbic acid has not been found to eliminate or shorten the duration of the common cold

  16. Selenium • Micromineral that exhibits antioxidant properties • Functions: -Maintain immune system -May reduce risk for certain cancers, especially in conjunction with vitamin E and beta carotene -May protect against CVD -Essential for protein synthesis

  17. Selenium • RDA: -Adult Male: 70 micrograms/day -Adult Female: 55 micrograms/day -200 micrograms/d considered to be safe upper limit • Deficiency Symptoms: -Keshans Disease -Skeletal muscle pain and weakness -Abnormal nail beds

  18. Selenium • Sources: -Organ meats, seafood, dairy products, cereals and grains Safety: -Susceptible individuals may exhibit selenosis from consumption of 500 micrograms of selenium per day. Symptoms include: -Nausea -Lack of protein synthesis -Vomiting -Hair and nail loss

  19. Chromium • Micromineral that potentates insulin action • Functions: -Plays a key role in uptake of glucose into muscle cells and adipose tissue • ESAADI: -50 to 200 micrograms/day

  20. Chromium • Deficiency Symptoms: -Impaired glucose tolerance -OGTT after 90 minutes bld gluc greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl -Elevated fasting insulin -Elevated plasma cholesterol and triglycerides • Sources: -Organ meats, whole grains, cheeses, mushrooms, peas, and corn

  21. Chromium • Safety: -No evidence of toxicity in humans consuming 200 micrograms/day as chromium picolinate -Chronic ingestion of extremely high doses of chromium could cause liver damage

  22. Chromium • Chromium supplementation is only effective in improving glucose tolerance of those with inadequate chromium status. Supplementation has not been found to improve glucose tolerance of individuals with adequate chromium status • Effects of chromium on blood lipids are inconclusive. Some studies have shown to lower cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, tri-glycerides and increase HDL-cholesterol

  23. Zinc • Functions -Needed for cell replication, tissue repair and growth -Anticarcinogenic -Proper immune function -Vitamin A metabolism for normal vision -Taste and appetite -Found to reduce duration of common cold

  24. Zinc • RDA: -Adult male 15 mg/d -Adult female 12 mg/d • Deficiency Symptoms: -Growth retardation -Poor wound healing -Delayed immune response -Delayed sexual maturity -Hypogeusia

  25. Zinc • Sources: -Organ meats, seafood, dairy products, poultry, whole grains, and root vegetables Safety: -Ingestion of 25 mg/d may cause epigastric problems, headache, and dizziness. -Doses of 75 mg/d has been found to inhibit copper absorption -Doses of 150 mg/d may impair the immune response

  26. Resources • Aggett PJ, Comerford JG. Zinc and human health. Nutr Rev 1995;(suppl);16S-22S. • American herbal products association’s botanical safety handbook. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997. • Barrocas A. Complementary and alternative medicine: Friend, foe, or OWA? 1997;97(12): 1373-76. • Chevallier A. The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. New York: DK Publishing, 1996.

  27. Resources • Bendanier CD. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): Useful or useless as an antiobesity agent? Nutr Today 1993;6:34-38. • Hathcock JN. Vitamins and minerals: efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:427-37. • Holme E. Alternative medicine- An objective view. Institute For Natural Resources, 1998. • Larkin M. DHEA: will science confirm the headlines? Lancet 1998;352:208.

  28. Resources • Micozzi MS, Brown ED, Taylor PR, Wolfe MA. Carotenodermia in men with elevated carotenoid intake from foods and B-carotene supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1061-4. • National Research Council. Recommended dietary allowances. 10th ed. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1989. • Ody P. The complete medicinal herbal. Blumenthal M, ed. New York: DK Publishing, 1993. • Schirmer GP. Alternative medicine. MED2000, Inc., 1998.

  29. Resources • Thurman JE, Mooradian AD. Vitamin supplementation in the elderly. Drugs and Aging 1997;11(6):433-49. • Tyler VE. The honest herbal: a sensible guide to the use of herbs and related remedies. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1993. • Weber P, Bendich A, Machlin LJ. Vitamin E and human health: Rationale for determining recommended intake levels. Nutr. 1997;13(5):450-60. • Winship KA. Toxicity of comfrey. Adv Drug React. Toxicol. Rev. 1991;10(1):47-59.

  30. Web Site Resources • American Botanical Council • http://www.herbalgram.org/abcmission.html • Herb Research Foundation • http://www.herbs.org • Office of Alternative Medicine (NIH) • http://altmed.od.nih.gov/oam • The Commission on Dietary Supplement Labels: Draft For Public Comment - www.herbs.org/current/cds/drft.htm

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