V.Kuznetsov, Kurchatov Institute, ROSATOM, Russian Federation

1. INPRO CPP RUS-4Joint assessments using INPRO Methodology of Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems based on floating Small and Medium size Nuclear Power Plants to provide sustainable energy supply for developing countries in the conditions of security and nonproliferation V.Kuznetsov, Kurchatov Institute, ROSATOM, Russian Federation

2. New title:Legal, institutional and technical issues of introduction of non-stationery NPP in the developing countries. Considerations based on floating Nuclear Power Plants using INPRO Methodology.

3. Content • Background • CPP Objectives • Proposed activity • Method of work • Potential collaborators • CPP outputs • Reference technology

4. 0% No stress 0% No stress 0% No stress 0% No stress 0% No stress 10% Low stress 10% Low stress 10% Low stress 10% Low stress 10% Low stress 20% Moderate stress 20% Moderate stress 20% Moderate stress 20% Moderate stress 20% Moderate stress 40% High stress 40% High stress 40% High stress 40% High stress 40% High stress 80% Very high stress 80% Very high stress 80% Very high stress 80% Very high stress 80% Very high stress Countries with water stress or scarcity by 2025 0% No stress 10% Low stress 20% Moderate stress 40% High stress 80% Very high stress

5. Potential collaborators • Asia • Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, • India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, • Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Israel • Africa • Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique Namibia, Tunisia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan • Europe • Greece, France, Spain, Italy, UK • Latin America • Argentina, Chile • Australia • and other interested IAEA MS’s

6. CPP Objectives • Assessment of the role, structure, time frame and resources and requirements, including legal and infrastructure and actions needed to be implemented to develop and introduce INS on a base of floating SM NPP to provide sustainable energy supply for production of electricity, heat, desalinated water and other tasks on national and/or regional levels.

7. Proposed activity(1) • Analysis of overall development of energy demand and assessment of future supply potential of all energy resources in interested developing countries IAEA MS’s based on national and other data; • Identification of possible role of nuclear energy to supply energy in developing countries and determination of the general structure of INS structure , including various applications and national and regional conditions for INS development and deployment in interested developing countries IAEA MS’s; based on national data; • Analysis of the various strategies in interested developing countries of floating SM NPPs implementation and deployment and identification of possible role of floating SM NPP as an element of national or regional INS for various applications; as well as identification of enabling technologies and organization schemes for facilitating development and deployment of INS with floating SM NPP system; • Identification of specific national requirements and criteria to develop, deploy and use floating SM NPP for mostly expedient and effective their applications in particular national and regional geographical, economical and other boundary conditions;

8. Proposed activity(2) • Assessments of selected INS with floating SM NPP via INPRO Methodology in the area of economics, safety, environment, waste , infrastructure, proliferation resistance and physical protection; • Identification of appropriate measures and preparations of recommendations and actions on national, regional and/or international levels needed to facilitate of INS development with floating NPP ; • Formulation of proposals on regional systems of floating SM NPP and their service centres; • Demonstration of applicability and capability of the INPRO Methodology and corresponding User’s Manual and elaboration of recommendations for further Methodology improvements; • and any other areas to be studied which can be identified in course of the Studies

9. Method of work • Interested MS’s should agree on the Terms of Reference (ToR) concerning the implementation of the Collaborative Project. • The ToR should contain: • PROJECT PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES • SCOPE • PHASES, WORKING PLANS, SCHEDULES, • IMPLEMENTING PROCESS, ORGANIZATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES • DELIVERABLES • FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND FUNDING SCHEMES, • TOOLS AND MODELS, • INTERFACES WITH OTHER NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES • ESTIMATED SUPPORT FROM INPRO ICG • POTENTIAL CONTINUATION OF THE ACTIVITY AFTER THEAS

10. Phases of activity • Definition of the Energy Scenario • Suggestions of Innovative Nuclear Energy System options based on FNPP • Development in all INPRO areas • Country-user specific requirements for technology • Technology specific requirements for Country-user • Assessment of the Proposed INS using the INPRO Methodology • Elaboration and Preparation of a Conclusion and recommendations on the Long-term Viability of the INS which has been Assessed

11. CPP outputs • Identification of possible role of nuclear energy to supply energy in developing countries and determination of the general structure of INS structure on a base of floating SM NPP, including various applications and national and regional conditions for INS development and deployment in interested developing countries IAEA MS’s; based on national data; • Analysis results of the various strategies in interested developing countries of the floating SM NPP’s implementation and deployment and identification of possible role of floating SM NPP as an element of national or regional INS for various applications; • Identification of specific national requirements and criteria to develop, deploy and use floating SM NPP for applications in particular national and regional geographical, economical and other boundary conditions; • Identification of enabling technologies and organization schemes for facilitating development and deployment of INS with floating SM NPP system; • Identification of appropriate measures and preparations of recommendations and actions on national, regional and/or international levels needed to facilitate innovations of INS with floating SM NPP; • Formulation of proposals on regional systems of floating SM NPP and their service centres; • Demonstration of applicability and capability of the INPRO Methodology and corresponding User’s Manual and elaboration of recommendations for further Methodology improvements

12. Grounds to recommend the floating SM NPP as advanced heat sources: • high quality of the entire floating power unit fabrications under specialized shipbuilding works conditions followed by delivery to the customer on a turn-key basis; • reduction of a station construction period to 3-4 years and of investments as compared with land-base NPP’s, followed the industrial mass produced creation of such units; • potential for sitting at any coastal regions, especially in account of floating technologies using; • simplification of anti seismic design measures; • simplicity of floating SM NPP decommissioning technology, etc.

13. Experience of Russia Reference technology • Until the beginning of the 1990s, the USSR built 256 nuclear powered ships, including 243 submarines, 3 cruisers, 1 spy ship, 8 icebreakers and one transport vessel (lighter). • Based on open source information, between 466 and 481 nuclear reactors were in operation on board of these ships. • KLT-40S facility within the scope of the study may be used as a reference technology to be considered for assessment.

14. Nuclear powered ships

15. KLT-40S

16. Technical parameters of floating NPP and Terms of reference of CPP are going to be discussed at the Group 8 session on 22-nd of May 14.00 Room A0742

17. Thank you

18. Back up slides • FLOATING SM NPP

19. Design of a FNPP (longitudinal section). 1 - Living area 2 - NPP operating room 3 - Reactors 4 - Steam turbine installation 5 - Power generation area 6 - Storage area for spent fuel

20. KLT-40

21. FNPP attached to its protective mooring.

23. Supposed areas of first FNCGP sitting.

24. General characteristics(1) • In order to optimise the station’s technical and economic performance, different energy allocation can be made between the power and the potable water production at the given thermal power of the reactor plants of 2 × 150 MW(th). • One cubic meter of desalinated water is expected to cost about 1 to 1.5 US dollars when the station is operated in a desalination mode. • Membranes that are capable of reducing the salt content from 39–43 g/l (seawater) down to 500 mg/l (distillate) would be used in the reverse osmosis desalination facility.

25. General characteristics(2) • According to the plans, one floating small power nuclear power unit (FNPP SC) is to be laid annually in 2008-2013. • At this, first three FNPPs are to be built within 3.5 to 4 years each; subsequent floating reactor construction is to take three years. Their commissioning timeframe is 2012 – 2016 • The reference FNPP barge would cost RUR5bn and the total cost of the facility will be as much as US$9bn.

26. General characteristics(3) • Rosatom has approved construction of a nuclear power plant on a barge to supply 70 MWe of electrical power plus 586 GJ/hr of heat for Severodvinsk City of Archangelsk region. • The contract to build the first unit was let by Rosenergoatom to the Sevmash shipyard at Severodvinsk in June 2006. • Two KLT-40S reactors with low-enriched fuel will be mounted on a 21,500 tonne, 144 m long barge.

27. General characteristics(4) • The floating nuclear co-generation plant of small power capacity consists of two nuclear propulsion reactors KLT-40S of 77 MW(e) each. • Its heat generation capacity is 146.8 Gcal-hour; • Service before the major overhaul at the shipyard is 12 years; and the total service life is 38 years. • A cost of one kilowatt-hour of electricity it would produce will amount to about 1.5 rubles. • Reference unit will employ the new core which uses less than 20%-enriched (U-235) fuel. Four reactor core sets of 1.5-ton in weight each will be fabricated for each unit to allow the FNPP operation for 12 years in one location. Then, the unit will be taken to overhaul, which is to be carried out at Zvezdochka shipyard,

28. Schematic flow diagram of nuclear floating power unit (NFPU).

29. KLT-40S reactor plant.

30. Basic Characteristics of NSSS with KLT-40C Reactor

31. Basic Characteristics of the NHPP on the Basis of FPU withKLT-40C Reactors

32. Main Dimensions and Technical Characteristics of the FPU

33. BASIC NSSS DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF KLT-40

34. BASIC TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOATINGSEAWATER DESALINATION STATION

35. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NUCLEAR FLOATING POWER UNIT (NFPU)