LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

2. workers peasants bourgeoisie LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY Patriotic capitalists • stars are evenly spread and all point back to the larger star

3. FACTS & FIGURES • CONTINENT? - Asia • POPULATION? – over 1 billion, most populated in the world • GOV’T? – Communist (capital is Beijing) • RELIGIONS? – Taoist, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim (officially atheist) • HOW OLD? – One of the oldest civilizations in the world

5. GEOGRAPHY WEST EAST Borders the Pacific Ocean Fertile river valleys and plains Good place for life to flourish, unlike the west • Rugged, forbidding terrain • Himalayas close the SW part of the country

6. MOUNTAINS Mts. Cover 1/3 of the country, mostly in the west

8. MAJOR RIVERS • Yellow River • Yangtze River

9. ARABLE LAND • Land between these two rivers is very fertile • Only about 10% of China’s land is arable (compared to U.S.?) 10%

10. CLIMATE • Very diverse climate ranging from tropical in the south to subarctic in the north • Melting snow and monsoon seasons provide fertile farming areas

12. REST OF THE WORLD CHINA • Civilization dates back more than 6,000 years • Lived in isolation from the rest of the world, called their homeland ZhongGuo(Middle Kingdom) • Isolation created a unique culture and strong sense of “nationalism”

13. REASONS FOR ISOLATION … DESERTS Mountains in the South and West Deserts 3. Ocean to the East MTS.

14. SHANG DYNASTY • First dynasty discovered with written records • Ruled from • 1750 b.c. – 1400 b.c

15. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE SHANG PERIOD

16. WRITING Priests scratched symbols (characters) on bones

17. B R O N Z E O B J E C T S

18. IVORY STATUES

19. ORGANIZED/PLANNED CITIES

20. PHILOSOPHY

21. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

22. PHILOSOPHY IS…. the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.

23. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LIFE? HOW DID WE GET HERE AND WHY ARE WE HERE? WHAT IS HAPPINESS? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT? WHAT MORALS/VALUES SHOULD WE LIVE BY?

24. CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES • During the late Zhou period scholars sought solutions to problems: • Political breakdown • Social disorders • Efforts led to new philosophies that focused on : • life in this world • how this life should be lived (not great emphasis on the afterlife)

25. DAOISM BUDDHISM

26. CONFUCIANISM KONGFUZI (Confucius) • Born in 551 b.c. • Taught that “social harmony” and “good gov’t” would return to China if people lived according to ethics – good conduct and moral judgment • Emphasized duty and humanity • Golden rule “Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you”

27. CONFUCIANISM cont. 5 RELATIONSHIPS • Confucius stressed the importance of moral behavior in 5 basic relationships

28. 5 RELATIONSHIPS 1 RULER & SUBJECT

29. 5 RELATIONSHIPS 2 Parent & Child

30. 5 RELATIONSHIPS 3 Husband & Wife

31. 5 RELATIONSHIPS 4 Old & Young

32. 5 RELATIONSHIPS 5 Friend & Friend

33. CONFUCIANISM cont. • He cared most about family relationships and a child’s respect for parents (filial piety) • Building block for a healthy society • Analects – teachings were written down into this book • Greatly influenced Chinese society/politics

34. FAMILY • Every member knew their place and role • Hierarchy – organization based on separate levels of importance

35. FAMILY ORGANIZATION OLDEST MALE (father) Oldest Son Mother Oldest daughter

36. FAMILY RULES • Very strict rules governed the family • Nobody wanted to bring shame on the family name • Expected to pay respect to dead ancestors (ancestor worship)

37. “Let the ruler be a ruler and the subject a subject; let the father be a father and the son a son” ---- Confucius

38. DAOISM LAOZI • Lived in the 500s b.c. • Stressed living in harmony with nature • Followers believed people should give up worldly ambitions and turn to nature and the dao

39. DAOISM cont. • Dao – universal force that guides all the things • Focus on nature greatly emphasized in Chinese art

40. DAOISM cont. Yin and Yang • two opposing forces present in all nature (everything has both) • Yin – cool, dark, female • Yang – warm, light, male

41. CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES CONFUCIANISM DAOISM Emphasizes nature and the dao People should live in harmony with nature, not try to change the world Maintain balance of yin/yang People should be passive/inactive • World needs to be improved, looked to the past • Emphasizes duty, rules, hierarchy, ethics (morality), filial piety,humanity • People should be active

42. BUDDHISM • Entered China during the end of the Han dynasty • Emphasis on personal salvation and nirvana was appealing • Widely accepted by the 400s a.d.

43. CHANGE IN CHINACONFLICT WITH THE WEST, THE END OF THE DYNASTIES & THE BIRTH OF A NEW NATION

44. IMPERIALISM IN ASIA • During the 1800s many European countries wanted control of Asian territory for many reasons, especially for trade but also for: • Prestige • Resources • Spread Christianity • Control trade routes • Military power (bases in the area give them an advantage)

48. IMPERIALISM cont. • China had become weaker during the rule of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) • U.S. and European powers (Great Britain, Spain, Portugal…) were trying to establish a sphere of influence – area where they had exclusive trading rights • This would eventually lead to the “opening up” of China and drastically changed the course of Chinese history INFLUENCE

49. MAJOR EVENTS IN THE 1800s/EARLY 1900s OPIUM WAR REVOLUTION OF 1911 BOXER REBELLION

50. OPIUM WAR • British started using opium as cash payment for goods • 1839 – Chinese gov’t tried to get them to stop, didn’t work • War broke out and the British easily won