Chapter Introduction Section 1 The New Imperialism Section 2 Nationalism in China and Japan

2. Imperialism and World War I Chapter Introduction Section 1 The New Imperialism Section 2 Nationalism in China and Japan Section 3 World War I Begins Section 4 World War I Changesthe World Reading Review Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Imperialism and World War I Chapter Objectives • Describe how Western powers built worldwide empires. • Analyze the effects of nationalism on China and Japan. • Summarize the events that led to World War I. • Explain how World War I changed the world.

4. Imperialism and World War I

6. The New Imperialism Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section explains why Western powers established empires in the1800s and 1900s.

7. The New Imperialism Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas • European nations built empires to expand their economies and to spread their ideas. • Control of India passed from the East India Company to the British government. • European nations ruled almost all of Africa by 1914.

8. The New Imperialism Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas (cont.) • The United States became an imperial nation after defeating Spain and taking control of the Philippines and Puerto Rico. Locating Places • Singapore (SIHNG·uh·POHR) • Cuba (KYOO·buh)

9. The New Imperialism Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places • Philippines (FIH·luh·PEENZ) • Panama (PA·nuh·MAH) Meeting People • Robert Clive • Leopold II • William McKinley

10. The New Imperialism Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary • imperialism (ihm·PIHR·ee·uh·LIH·zuhm) • colony • protectorate (pruh·TEHK·tuh·ruht) • sphere of influence • sepoy (SEE·POY)

11. The New Imperialism Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Organizing Information Use a chart like the one on page 762 of your textbook to show the colonies that each imperialist nation controlled.

12. The New Imperialism The Rise of Imperialism • Imperialism is a type of relationship between countries in which one nation directly or indirectly controls the government or the economy of another nation. • Europeans wanted to acquire new lands and rule over foreign people, because they believed this added to their power. • Some imperial nations established a colony, which they ruled directly. (page 763)

13. The New Imperialism The Rise of Imperialism (cont.) • Some set up a protectorate, in which local people had their own government, but the imperial government controlled the military and could tell local rulers what to do. • Other nations set up a sphere ofinfluence, a region where only one imperial power had the right to invest or to trade. (page 763)

14. The New Imperialism The Rise of Imperialism (cont.) • Europeans began taking over Southeast Asia’s mainland in the 1800s. • They grew crops and began using the area’s raw materials. • England set up a colony at the tip of the Malay Peninsula and called the colony Singapore. • The French followed the British to Southeast Asia, and the two countries competed for territory. (page 763)

15. The New Imperialism The Rise of Imperialism (cont.) • In all of Southeast Asia, only Siam—which is today Thailand—kept its freedom. (page 763)

16. The New Imperialism Why was Singapore important? Singapore was a port city that allowed passage to and from China, which was an important country in European trade.

17. The New Imperialism Britain’s Empire in India • Members of the British East India Company built trading forts along India’s coasts in the 1600s. • The East India Company supported local Indian rulers who agreed to work with them. • Robert Clive was an East India Company official who, along with his army, pushed the French out of most of India. (pages 764–765)

18. The New Imperialism Britain’s Empire in India (cont.) • The East India Company took over much of India and grew wealthy. • The East India Company brought many European ideas and customs to the Indian people. • Sepoys, Indian soldiers in the East India Company’s army, rebelled against the British officers. • The British government sent soldiers to India to end the rebellion. (pages 764–765)

19. The New Imperialism Britain’s Empire in India (cont.) • After the rebellion, Britain took control of India from the East India Company. • A viceroy was sent to head the Raj, or the government of British India. • British rule both helped and hurt India. (pages 764–765)

20. The New Imperialism How did the British hurt the local textile industry in India? The British exported large amounts of cheap cloth to India. People typically buy what is cheapest, and soon there were not enough buyers for more expensive locally made cloth. The Indian textile industry, which could not sell its products, was destroyed.

21. The New Imperialism Europe Divides Africa • The first part of Africa to come under the control of Europe was North Africa. • The French took territories that today form the countries of Algeria and Tunisia. • They also divided Morocco with Spain. • Europeans began operating businesses in Egypt and built the Suez Canal, which linked the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. (pages 766–768)

22. The New Imperialism Europe Divides Africa (cont.) • The British took control of the canal, and the Egyptians rebelled. • After the rebellion, Britain made Egypt a protectorate. • In the 1800s, Britain declared the slave trade illegal, and many countries followed its lead. • Europeans took over areas of Africa’s Atlantic Coast to control trade in timber, hides, and palm oil. (pages 766–768)

23. The New Imperialism Europe Divides Africa (cont.) • King Leopold II of Belgium decided to conquer Central Africa. • His plan was to make money selling rubber from plantations in the Congo. (pages 766–768)

24. The New Imperialism Europe Divides Africa (cont.) • Other European countries followed Belgium, and by 1914, Europe controlled most of the African continent except Liberia and Ethiopia. • Dutch settlers, known as Boers, founded Cape Town in South Africa. • In the early 1800s, the British seized the Dutch territory. (pages 766–768)

25. The New Imperialism Europe Divides Africa (cont.) • This forced the Boers to move inland to the Transvaal, where they met and fought with African people living there. • The Zulu were Africans who often fought the Boers but also fought the British. • The British eventually destroyed the Zulu Empire. (pages 766–768)

26. The New Imperialism Europe Divides Africa (cont.) • The British decided to take the Transvaal from the Boers in 1899, and the Boer War erupted. • The Boers were defeated, and Britain brought together the Boer republics, the Cape Colony, and one other British colony to form the Union of South Africa. (pages 766–768)

27. The New Imperialism How were African workers on King Leopold’s rubber plantations like slaves? Belgian soldiers forced Africans to collect rubber. Africans who resisted were shot. This was a form of forced labor.

28. The New Imperialism The War of 1898 • In 1895, the Caribbean colony of Cuba rebelled against Spain. • In 1898, William McKinley, president of the United States, sent a U.S. battleship to Cuba to protect Americans there. • While anchored in Cuba, the ship exploded. • The United States blamed Spain for the explosion and declared war. (pages 769–770)

29. The New Imperialism The War of 1898 (cont.) • The United States won, and Cuba became a republic under U.S. protection. • Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines became American territories. • The Philippines rebelled against the United States, and the Americans crushed the rebellion. (pages 769–770)

30. The New Imperialism The War of 1898 (cont.) • The United States gained control of Hawaii when American settlers there overthrew the Hawaiian queen. • To help move its navy quickly between the east and west coasts, the United States decided to build a canal across the Latin American country of Panama. • The United States helped Panama fight for its independence from Colombia. (pages 769–770)

31. The New Imperialism The War of 1898 (cont.) • In exchange, Panama allowed the United States to build the canal. (pages 769–770)

32. The New Imperialism How did Puerto Rico become a U.S. territory? After the United States defeated Spain in the War of 1898, the United States gained Puerto Rico from Spain.

33. The New Imperialism Besides economics, what reasons did European countries have for building empires? to add to their country’s power and to spread Western ways

34. The New Imperialism What was the Boer War and why was it fought? Dutch Boers fought to keep the British out of South Africa.

35. The New Imperialism Explain Why were European nations interested in the countries of Southeast Asia? The British wanted Singapore for a trading stop. France took over Indochina to keep out the British.

36. The New Imperialism Compare and Contrast How did British rule both help and hurt India? The British set up efficient government, schools, and railroads but destroyed India’s textile industry and caused starvation.

37. The New Imperialism Analyze Describe the actions taken by the United States in Panama in the early 1900s. Why was the United States interested in Panama? The U.S. encouraged a rebellion in Panama. They wanted to build a canal to speed up trade.

38. The New Imperialism Descriptive Writing Imagine you are a native of India in the late 1800s. Write a letter to a friend describing how you feel about British rule. Answers will vary.

39. The New Imperialism Name a person, group, or place from the section for every letter in the word imperialism.

41. Nationalism in China and Japan Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes Chinese nationalism and Japanese imperialism in the 1800s and 1900s.

42. Nationalism in China and Japan Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas • The arrival of Europeans greatly changed Chinese society. • Sun Yat-sen introduced ideas that helped cause the collapse of the Qing dynasty. • After Americans visited Japan, the Japanese reorganized their society and economy and began building an empire.

43. Nationalism in China and Japan Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places • Hong Kong (HAHNG KAHNG) • Edo (eh·doh) • Port Arthur Meeting People • Sun Yat-sen (SUN YAHT·SEHN) • Yuan Shigai (YU·AHN SHIHR·KY)

44. Nationalism in China and Japan Get Ready to Read (cont.) Meeting People • Oda Nobunaga (ohd·ah noh·bun·ah·gah) • Tokugawa leyasu (toh·kug·ah·wah ee·eh·yahs·u) • Matthew Perry • Mutsuhito (moot·suh·hee·toh)

45. Nationalism in China and Japan Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary • extraterritoriality (EHK·struh·TEHR·uh·TOHR·ee·A·luh·tee) • daimyo (DY·mee·OH) Reading Strategy Summarizing Information Use a chart like the one on page 771 of your textbook to summarize the work of three Asian leaders.

46. Nationalism in China and Japan China and the West • The Chinese followed their traditional way of life until the 1800s. • At that time, expanding European businesses wanted to increase their trade with China. • Although the British wanted Chinese goods, many Chinese did not want British goods. • This made the balance of trade unequal. (pages 772–774)

47. Nationalism in China and Japan China and the West (cont.) • The British tried selling cotton, which the Chinese did not buy. • The British then began selling opium, an addictive drug, to the Chinese. • The demand for opium became high, and the British opium traders prospered. • When the Chinese emperor demanded the British stop selling opium, they refused. (pages 772–774)

48. Nationalism in China and Japan China and the West (cont.) • The Opium War erupted in 1839 and lasted three years, until the emperor surrendered. (pages 772–774)

49. Nationalism in China and Japan China and the West (cont.) • After being defeated, the Chinese gave five ports to British ships, limited taxes imposed on British goods, agreed to pay for the costs of war, and gave the British Hong Kong, an island that became one of the world’s busiest ports. • The British citizens in Hong Kong were subject to British laws, not Chinese laws. (pages 772–774)

50. Nationalism in China and Japan China and the West (cont.) • This is called extraterritoriality. • In 1851, a religious leader named Hong Xiuquan (HAHNG SHYOO-CHWAHN) organized a rebellion to help peasants overthrow the emperor. • This rebellion became known as the Tai Ping Rebellion. • It lasted for 13 years. • Europeans helped the Chinese government defeat the rebels. (pages 772–774)