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Ch. 12 The Wars of Religion (1560s-1648)

Ch. 12 The Wars of Religion (1560s-1648). The Catholic Crusade. Charles I/V divided his territories Philip, son, received Spain, Milan, Naples, Netherlands, and the New World Ferdinand, brother, received Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and elected HRE Branches of the Habsburg cooperated .

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Ch. 12 The Wars of Religion (1560s-1648)

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  1. Ch. 12 TheWars ofReligion(1560s-1648)

  2. The Catholic Crusade • Charles I/V divided his territories • Philip, son, received Spain, Milan, Naples, Netherlands, and the New World • Ferdinand, brother, received Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and elected HRE • Branches of the Habsburg cooperated

  3. Philip II: Catholic Protector • Reigned 1554-1598 • Deeply religious • Saw himself as the political protector of Catholicism • Led the Catholic attack on Protestants • Advised the pope and Jesuits on participation

  4. Sources of Power • Gold and silver of New World • Spanish domination of Mediterranean trade; greatest navy of the era • Spain annexed Portugal in 1580 • Received Portugal’s large navy • Gained Portuguese territories globally • Rise of Spain will result in rivalry with England and France

  5. El Escorial • Philip’s palace (Madrid) • Part residence, monastery, and religious retreat

  6. The French Wars of Religion: Anti-Protestant Measures (446) • French Protestants? • Movements against Protestants (3) • Power struggle: families and religious affliation • Power of the Guise family • Attractiveness of Calvinism in France

  7. Protestant Repression in France • French Protestants were known as Huguenots • Emperor Charles V started the first wave of Protestant persecution in 1525 • 1534 – Protestants arrested and leader John Calvin sent into exile • 1540 – Edict of Fontainebleau makes Protestants subject to the Inquisition • 1551 – Edict of Chateaubriand establishes more measures against the Protestants • later the Bourbon and Montmorency-Chatillon families become sympathetic to the Hugenots

  8. Appeal of Calvinism • Many powerful French aristocrats felt that Calvinism supported their autonomy from the crown and converted • Political and religious dissidents made Calvinism viable in France

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