The Use and Abuse of Alcohol

1. Presentation Package for This presentations package was developed to facilitate instruction of “concepts” based fitness/wellness courses. A separate presentation is available for each of the concepts in both Concepts of Physical Fitness and Concepts of Fitness and Wellness. The presentations reviewsome of the content from the text but also cover additional information that is not in the text. Test questions in the microtest package that are based on the “lectures” are based on materials that are covered in these presentation. Many instructors may prefer to supplement these presentations with their own slides, modify the content/format or reorder them in a way that best suits their teaching style. The slides were developed and provided to allow this type of flexibility. Use the “slide sorter” option under the View screen to make these changes. Try to online HELP screen for more information. NOTE: The materials (and graphics) in these presentations are copyrighted material. Instructors have rights to use (and modify) the presentations for their teaching needs but the use of the materials for any other purpose is strictly prohibited. The graphics used to illustrate many of the slides were obtained by license from Corel Photo Disks (Corel Corporation) and Polar Photo Disk (Polar Electro Oy). Images may NOT be saved or downloaded and are only to be used for viewing purposes. This presentations package was developed to facilitate instruction of “concepts” based fitness/wellness courses. A separate presentation is available for each of the concepts in both Concepts of Physical Fitness and Concepts of Fitness and Wellness. The presentations reviewsome of the content from the text but also cover additional information that is not in the text. Test questions in the microtest package that are based on the “lectures” are based on materials that are covered in these presentation. Many instructors may prefer to supplement these presentations with their own slides, modify the content/format or reorder them in a way that best suits their teaching style. The slides were developed and provided to allow this type of flexibility. Use the “slide sorter” option under the View screen to make these changes. Try to online HELP screen for more information. NOTE: The materials (and graphics) in these presentations are copyrighted material. Instructors have rights to use (and modify) the presentations for their teaching needs but the use of the materials for any other purpose is strictly prohibited. The graphics used to illustrate many of the slides were obtained by license from Corel Photo Disks (Corel Corporation) and Polar Photo Disk (Polar Electro Oy). Images may NOT be saved or downloaded and are only to be used for viewing purposes.

2. The Use and Abuse of Alcohol The purpose of this lecture is to reveal the health, behavioral and social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption and to inform students about how to be a responsible drinker. Alcohol has almost become embedded into the culture of our society. This acceptance of a negative behavior makes alcohol a difficult societal problem to alterThe purpose of this lecture is to reveal the health, behavioral and social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption and to inform students about how to be a responsible drinker. Alcohol has almost become embedded into the culture of our society. This acceptance of a negative behavior makes alcohol a difficult societal problem to alter

3. Use and Abuse of Alcohol . .

4. Health Consequences of Alcohol Use Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases(Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Hypertension) Increased risk of cancer:(liver, stomach, colon, pancreas, breast, mouth, throat) Impaired immune system Malnutrition Reproductive problems There are many health risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Many of them do not become serious until later in life but they are significant. (Review the health effects briefly) There are many health risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Many of them do not become serious until later in life but they are significant. (Review the health effects briefly)

5. Behavioral Consequences of Alcohol Use Contributes to 50% of all motor vehicle fatalities Contributes to unsafe sex and increased risk of AIDS Contributes to risky behavior and accidental death The behavioral consequences of alcohol use are quite significant. Alcohol contributes greatly to an increased risk of accidental death and other harmful behaviors. Review statistics Source: Weschler, H. et al., 1994 Health and Behavioral consequences of binge drinking in college. JAMA 272(21):1672-1677. The behavioral consequences of alcohol use are quite significant. Alcohol contributes greatly to an increased risk of accidental death and other harmful behaviors. Review statistics Source: Weschler, H. et al., 1994 Health and Behavioral consequences of binge drinking in college. JAMA 272(21):1672-1677.

6. Social Consequences of Alcohol Use on Campus 80% of campus vandalism involved alcohol 70% of violent behavior on campus involved alcohol 75% of men and 55% of women involved in acquaintance rape were under the influence of alcohol Alcohol is a major contributor to many of the social problems that affect society as a whole and college campuses in particular. Review statistics Source: Tackling Alcohol Problems on Campus: Tools for Media Advocacy. The Advocacy Institute, Washington DC, 1992. Alcohol is a major contributor to many of the social problems that affect society as a whole and college campuses in particular. Review statistics Source: Tackling Alcohol Problems on Campus: Tools for Media Advocacy. The Advocacy Institute, Washington DC, 1992.

7. Academic Consequences of Alcohol Use 40% of poor academic performance at college has been linked to drinking 7% of first year dropouts are related to alcohol Alcohol intake is inversely related to GPA Alcohol also is a major factor in poor academic performance in college. Review statistics Source:Tackling Alcohol Problems on Campus: Tools for Media Advocacy. The Advocacy Institute, Washington DC, 1992. Alcohol also is a major factor in poor academic performance in college. Review statistics Source:Tackling Alcohol Problems on Campus: Tools for Media Advocacy. The Advocacy Institute, Washington DC, 1992.

8. Rates of Drinking on College Campuses(Data from 17,542 students from 140 Colleges) This figure shows the rates of drinking on college campuses across the country. The data is from a survey of 17,542 students from 140 Colleges. Binge drinking was defined as having 5 drinks in a row at least once every 2 weeks. Source: Weschler, H. et al., 1994 Health and Behavioral consequences of binge drinking in college. JAMA 272(21):1672-1677. This figure shows the rates of drinking on college campuses across the country. The data is from a survey of 17,542 students from 140 Colleges. Binge drinking was defined as having 5 drinks in a row at least once every 2 weeks. Source: Weschler, H. et al., 1994 Health and Behavioral consequences of binge drinking in college. JAMA 272(21):1672-1677.

9. Attitudes and Perceptions toward Alcohol on Campus 95% of students believe that the average student drinks alcohol weekly 30% of students indicated they would prefer NOT to have alcohol at parties The attitudes and perceptions of students reveals a different perspective. Students assume that almost all students drink alcohol weekly when in reality only 50% are considered to "binge drink" once every 2 weeks. Many students also would apparently prefer less alcohol at parties they attend. Discuss implications of results. Why is there a bias in the real rates of use and expected rates of use? Why are the party "norms" not consistent with the desires of the students? Source: Presley, CA, Meliman, P.W., Lyerla, R. (1993). Alcohol and drugs on American college campuses: Use, consequence, and perceptions of the campus environment, Vol. I: 1989-1991. Carbondale, IL. The Core Institute. The attitudes and perceptions of students reveals a different perspective. Students assume that almost all students drink alcohol weekly when in reality only 50% are considered to "binge drink" once every 2 weeks. Many students also would apparently prefer less alcohol at parties they attend. Discuss implications of results. Why is there a bias in the real rates of use and expected rates of use? Why are the party "norms" not consistent with the desires of the students? Source: Presley, CA, Meliman, P.W., Lyerla, R. (1993). Alcohol and drugs on American college campuses: Use, consequence, and perceptions of the campus environment, Vol. I: 1989-1991. Carbondale, IL. The Core Institute.

10. Why People Start Drinking Peer pressure Need to belong and be accepted Media depiction of drinking Easy access (often at home) Absence of religious attachment Cultural / sociological traditions Social "lubrication" Makes one "feel good" This figure shows some of the reasons why many people start drinking. There are many different factors. The forces are especially strong at college campuses where drinking becomes embedded in the social structure of life for many college students! Review some of the reasons briefly! This figure shows some of the reasons why many people start drinking. There are many different factors. The forces are especially strong at college campuses where drinking becomes embedded in the social structure of life for many college students! Review some of the reasons briefly!

11. Alcohol Content in Drinks This figure shows the alcohol content of three common types of drinks (a can of beer, a glass of wine and a shot of whiskey). For all of them the alcohol content is determined by the volume and the strength of alcohol in the drink Beer (4.5% x 12 oz = .5 oz alcohol) wine (10% x 5 oz = .5oz alcohol) shot (40% x 1.5 oz = .5 oz alcohol) This figure shows the alcohol content of three common types of drinks (a can of beer, a glass of wine and a shot of whiskey). For all of them the alcohol content is determined by the volume and the strength of alcohol in the drink Beer (4.5% x 12 oz = .5 oz alcohol) wine (10% x 5 oz = .5oz alcohol) shot (40% x 1.5 oz = .5 oz alcohol)

12. Factors Determining the Effects of Alcohol How much was consumed Rate of consumption What is in stomach Presence of carbonation Mood status Sex Blood alcohol concentration rises when alcohol is consumed faster than it can be processed. Some factors( mostly within a person's control) influence how fast alcohol begins to exert an effect: Amount (more consumed the quicker it is absorbed Rate (faster it is consumed the quicker it gets into blood) Food (alcohol will pass through an empty stomach faster) Carbonation (carbonation speeds up absorption) Mood (anxiety and fatigue can influence absorption) Sex (women absorb alcohol faster than men) - more body fat so alcohol (water soluble) enters blood at a faster rate - less body water so alcohol is not diluted - less alcohol dehydrogenase to process alcohol Blood alcohol concentration rises when alcohol is consumed faster than it can be processed. Some factors( mostly within a person's control) influence how fast alcohol begins to exert an effect: Amount (more consumed the quicker it is absorbed Rate (faster it is consumed the quicker it gets into blood) Food (alcohol will pass through an empty stomach faster) Carbonation (carbonation speeds up absorption) Mood (anxiety and fatigue can influence absorption) Sex (women absorb alcohol faster than men) - more body fat so alcohol (water soluble) enters blood at a faster rate - less body water so alcohol is not diluted - less alcohol dehydrogenase to process alcohol

13. Rate of Alcohol Removal Liver can process .25 oz of alcohol per hour (2 hours to process one drink) Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) decreases by about .015% per hour The rate at which alcohol gets processed by the body depends on several different factors but it is usually thought to be about .25 oz per hour. This means that it takes about 2 hours to fully process one drink. Cold showers, coffee, and brisk walks do little to increase the rate of removal of alcohol from the system. The rate at which blood alcohol concentration (BAC) changes is about .015% per hour. Therefore, if a person is at the driving limit of .10% it would take a full hour to drop to .085%. NOTE: Some states (Michigan) have passed zero tolerance laws for minors. If BAC level is even .02% it is considered illegal! The rate at which alcohol gets processed by the body depends on several different factors but it is usually thought to be about .25 oz per hour. This means that it takes about 2 hours to fully process one drink. Cold showers, coffee, and brisk walks do little to increase the rate of removal of alcohol from the system. The rate at which blood alcohol concentration (BAC) changes is about .015% per hour. Therefore, if a person is at the driving limit of .10% it would take a full hour to drop to .085%. NOTE: Some states (Michigan) have passed zero tolerance laws for minors. If BAC level is even .02% it is considered illegal!

14. Steps to Being a Responsible Drinker Limit number of drinks Drink less than 1 per 90 min. Sip slowly Eat lots of protein/starch Avoid carbonated drinks Measure drinks carefully Don't drive if intoxicated This list outlines some steps to being a responsible drinker. (Review some of the points) This list outlines some steps to being a responsible drinker. (Review some of the points)

15. How to Help a Friend with a Drinking Problem Plan a time to talk with person about it Confront behavior - not the individual! Use "I" not "you" in statements Don't judge, blame or lecture Be genuine, kind, and honest Be prepared for denial or rejection Have referral resources available If you are concerned about a friends drinking problem there are some important steps to follow. (review some of the steps). Most colleges offer counselling for individuals seeking help or seeking to help someone else with an alcohol problem.If you are concerned about a friends drinking problem there are some important steps to follow. (review some of the steps). Most colleges offer counselling for individuals seeking help or seeking to help someone else with an alcohol problem.

16. Web Resources Alcoholics Anonymous - http://www.alcoholics-anonymous.org The Century Council – www.centurycouncil.org Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention (Department of Education) – www.edc.org/hec National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) - www.health.org National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - http://www.niaaa.nih.gov Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) - http://www.madd.org/

17. Lab 21a InformationBlood Alcohol Levels Go through calculations to estimate your blood alcohol content. Discuss whether you were surprised by the figures and whether it may influence your drinking behavior. Lab informationLab information

18. Lab 21b InformationSelf-Perceptions of Alcohol Use Evaluate the drinking behavior of yourself or a person close to you. How would you classify yourself or your friend regarding drinking behavior. Would others view you or your friend the same way? Lab informationLab information

19. Supplementary Graphics