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Major Ideas of the 19th century

Major Ideas of the 19th century. Industrialization Nation States Ideas of the 19 th century. Liberalism (19th Cen). People should be free from as much restraint as possible Protect civil liberties Laissez-faire economics Popular in new industrialized nations. Nationalism.

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Major Ideas of the 19th century

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  1. Major Ideas of the 19th century Industrialization Nation States Ideas of the 19th century

  2. Liberalism (19th Cen) People should be free from as much restraint as possible Protect civil liberties Laissez-faire economics Popular in new industrialized nations

  3. Nationalism • most powerful ideology for change in the 19th Century • Loyalty to the nation not a ruler • Sometimes based on common culture • allied with liberalism

  4. Germany Unification • Most important event in later 19th cen. • United by Prussia Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismark (antiliberal nationalist) • Effective military- war with Austria • Franco-Prussian War 1870-71

  5. Italy Unification • Count Cavour becomes PM of Sardinia unites with Piedmont, dies • Enter Garibaldi (Thousand Red Shirts”) • Through So Italy. Allied with prussia against Austria- Venetia, then took the Papal Sates during the Franco Prussian War

  6. Russia 19th Cen • Defeat Napoleon- conservative • Romanov family czars • Nicholas I- Crimean War- debacle • British and French help Turks • Czar Alexander II 1855-81 tried reforms- feudalism, army, land very difficult • Little industry/education

  7. Napoleon III of France • Nephew of Napoleon • Elected president, established an empire • Mexico- 1863-64 • Franco Prussian War 1870 captured , left France • Third republic established

  8. Socialism • Result of the Industrialization • Social structure changed- workers experienced vast inequality of wealth • labor unions formed • reforms in government-laws to protect workers • gave rise to Communism- Karl Marx

  9. Industrialization • Quantum Leap in production • New sources of energy- coal, steam • Factories replaced the Farm • Mass movement to cities • Began in Europe- continues elsewhere • Specifically in Great Britain • Search for raw materials

  10. Imperialism • Spurred on by Industrialization • Need for raw materials/ markets • Spread of Colonial Rule • 1. Southeast Asia • British=Burma, Malaya,Sarawak • Dutch= East Indies • Spanish=Philippines • French= Cambodia,Laos, Vietnam

  11. Africa Suez Canal French = N Africa British= S Africa, Rhodesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya Belgian=Congo German=East Africa Portugal= Angola, Madagascar South Asia British Raj order and stability ignored self determination railroads and industry(limited) sati outlawed Leads to Nationalism in the 20th cen Imperialism 19th Cen (cont.)

  12. Latin America Simon Bolivar liberates most Spanish areas Mexico- 1810 rev Struggle for Independence from Spain War with US French take over United States War with Mexico Civil War Spanish American War Cuba, Philippines Imperialism/Nationalism North American Style

  13. Japan- Enters the Modern World • Had maintained separateness • Tokugawa Rule • centralized and feudal in nature • began to unravel • Contact with West • Admiral Perry 1853- began trade • Industrialization on its way • And soon Imperialism followed

  14. Industrialization Effects • Created new wealthy middle class • Created huge working class- proletariat • Relationships between people • Relationship with nature changed • Exploitation of both

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