Passive Services and the ITU

1. Passive Services and the ITU Klaus Ruf DLR, RD-RK Bonn-Oberkassel ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

2. Outline: 1. Recognition of passive services - WARC'59 - today 2. Teatment of passive services - regulatory principles - regulatory text 3. Remaining problems and questions ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

3. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

4. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

5. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

6. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

7. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

8. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

9. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

10. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

11. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

12. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

13. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

14. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

15. Brian Robinson: Frequency Allocation: The First Fourty Years..........The ITU recognizes radio services, such as broadcasting, fixed networks, radionavigation, radar, mobile communications, amateur use, and meteorological aids. A major victory at the World Conference in 1959 was to have the ITU accept the idea of a “passive service.” Until that point, a service had to transmit radio waves; those who only received signals had been a totally different group, outside the ambit of the ITU............ ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

16. The 38 th session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the COPUS

17. International Telecommunication Union The Radiocommunication Bureau The radio astronomy service and the modern spectrum environment by A. Nalbandian, ITU BR SGD

18. The radio astronomy service and the current spectrum environment Radio astronomy:  Astronomy based on the reception of radio waves of cosmic origin RR S1.13 The radio astronomy service:   A service involving the use of radio astronomy S1.58 A. Nalbandian, ITU BR SGD

19. The radio astronomy service and the current spectrum environment The radio astronomy service is a passive service no transmission of radio waves in its allocated bands so no interference to any other service extremely weak cosmic signals received so very highly vulnerable to interference by transmissions of other services by A. Nalbandian, ITU BR SGD

20. Conclusions Special measures are needed to protect radio astronomy The Radio Regulations and the relevant ITU-R Recommendations on radio astronomy are the basic tool to do it by A. Nalbandian, ITU BR SGD

21. Albert Nalbandian:The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has been created to facilitate the development of telecommunications, and its Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) deals with wireless telecommunications. One of the basic functions of the Sector is the spectrum management process with the aim to ensure rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the spectrum/orbit resource by all radio services. This presentation is concerned with aspects of radio astronomy that are relevant to the usage of the radio spectrum by the radiocommunication services ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

22. rational: meaningfull, well argued for equitable: non-discriminatory, open to all (developing countries, Arab group...) efficient: not suffering from or causing harmful interference economical: mostly used in the context of "equitable" ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

23. 4.6 For the purpose of resolving cases of harmful interference, the radio astronomy service shall be treated as a radiocommunication service. However, protection from services in other bands shall be afforded the radio astronomy service only to the extent that such services are afforded protection from each other. 4.7 For the purpose of resolving cases of harmful interference, the space research (passive) service and the earth exploration-satellite (passive) service shall be afforded protection from different services in other bands only to the extent that these different services are protected from each other. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

24. Rules of Procedure: (relating to provision 4.4)Nos. 5.267 and 5.340.2.2 The Board considers that, in view of this prohibition, a notification concerning any other use than those authorized in the band or on the frequencies concerned cannot be accepted even with a reference to No. 4.4; furthermore the administration submitting such a notice is urged to abstain from such usage. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

25. 5.223 Recognizing that the use of the band 149.9-150.05 MHz by the fixed and mobile services may cause harmful interference to the radionavigation-satellite service, administrations are urged not to authorize such use in application of No. 4.4.5.260 Recognizing that the use of the band 399.9-400.05 MHz by the fixed and mobile services may cause harmful interference to the radionavigation satellite service, administrations are urged not to authorize such use in application of No. 4.4. ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

26. Remaining Problems and Questions - unwanted emissions - ultra wide band devices - radio quiet zones ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

27. Unwanted Emissions: - protection criteria are defined, even for passive bands - provisions 4.6 and 4.7: protection from services in other bands shall be afforded ... only to the extent that such services are afforded protection from each other - Task Goups TG1/X (X= 3,5,7,9,...) protection depends on our recommendations and on our negotiation skills ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

28. Ultra Wide Band Emissions: - protection criteria are defined, even for passive bands - provision RR 4.4 and rules of procedure only apply to stations of recognised radio (communication) services - Task Goups TG1/8 protection depends on our recommendations and on our negotiation skills ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

29. Radio Quiet Zones: - protection criteria are defined, even for passive bands - concept applies only to radio astronomy telescopes - OECD Task Force was a complete failure in this respect, but ITU-R is generally willing to help, despite the unfavorable manoevres during WRC-03 protection depends on our recommendations and on our negotiation skills ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004

30. ConclusionJan Hendrik Oort (1959) ESF-sponsored Workshop "Active Protection of Passive Radio Services", Cagliari, October 28 - 29, 2004