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1. Get your journals • Get ready to take CORNELL NOTES. • 

2. #26 Am Lit Eras Timeline So Far… Colonial 1608-1750 Revolutionary/ Age of Reason 1750-1800 Pre-Colonial/Native American 70,000 years ago to 1600

3. Romanticism 1800-1855

4. Historical Context19th Century America • By 1800, US had 16 states. • In 1803, Thomas Jefferson (3rd President) doubled the nation’s size with the Louisiana Purchase. • Rapid growth = Upsurge in National Pride

5. 19th Century America • 1828 Andrew Jackson elected “The People’s President” • “Era of the Common Man,” a white man didn’t have to own property to vote

6. 19th Century America Despite democratic advances: • African Americans were still enslaved. • Women had no political voice. • “Trail of Tears” forced migration of Native Americans from tribal lands when 15, 000 Cherokee died on the trek from Georgia to Oklahoma.

7. 19th Century America Mexican-American War 1846-1848 Industrial Revolution • Steam Power • Factories • Plans for the Transcontinental Railroad 1863-1869

8. 19th Century Literature Before 1800 American writers were not widely read, not even in America.

9. ROMANTICS 1800-1860 Romantic doesn’t mean hearts and flowers. It’s an artistic movement that started in Europe. It’s about intuition over reason. The Transcendentalists were small part of the Romantics

10. Writers Romantics and Gothics: • Washington Irving • Rip Van Winkle • Legend of Sleepy Hollow • Devil and Tom Walker • James Fenimore Cooper • Last of the Mohicans • William Cullen Bryant

11. Writers Romantics and Gothics: • Herman Melville • Moby Dick • Edgar Allen Poe • The Raven • Goldbug • Annabell Lee • Tell Tale Heart • Cask of Amantillado • Nathaniel Hawthorne • Scarlet Letter

12. AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISM 1830 ~ TO 1860 ~

13. WHAT IS TRANSCENDENTALISM? • Transcendentalism is AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson

14. WHAT IS TRANSCENDENTALISM? • A PHILOSOPHY -- which holds that basic truths can be reached through intuition rather than through logic. • A LITERARY MOVEMENT -- writers emphasized the importance of the individual. A 30-year period during the Romantic Era in which many very famous writings were created.

15. WHAT IS TRANSCENDENTALISM? • Transcendentalists believed must go beyond, or transcend, what our senses tell us.

16. #27 The Snowstorm • Discuss in your small group, then Answer questions 1-5 p. 398

17. TRANSCENDENTALISTS IDEAS • OUR SENSES ARE LIMITED

18. TRANSCENDENTALISTS IDEAS • KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM THE INSIDE (INTUITION)

19. TRANSCENDENTALISTS IDEAS • GOD, NATURE AND HUMANITY ARE UNITED IN A SHARED UNIVERSAL SOUL (THE OVERSOUL)

20. TRANSCENDENTALISTS IDEAS • OBSERVING NATURE ILLUMINATES THE NATURE OF HUMAN BEINGS

21. TRANSCENDENTALISTS IDEAS • EVERYTHING IN NATURE STRIVES TO REALIZE ITS INNER POTENTIAL

22. TRANSCENDENTALISTS IDEAS • NO INSTITUTION IS AS POWERFUL AS THE INDIVIDUAL

23. Famous Writers • Transcendentalists: • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Henry David Thoreau • Margaret Fuller • Elizabeth Palmer Peabody

24. #28 Transcendentalists • Wanted to create a new specifically American genre of literature • Rejected the old forms and ideas • Wisdom came from within, not from old sages

25. Transcendentalists • Abolitionists • Women’s Suffragists • Nature Writers • Were also very concerned about Education

26. Dark Romantics Also called Anti-Transcendentalists • Nathaniel Hawthorne • Herman Melville • Edgar Allen Poe

28. New American Poets • Not really considered Transcendentalists, but their poetry was definitely inspired by Transcendentalist philosophy. • Many of the ideas and themes of individualism, spiritual search, and nature come through. Emily Dickinson Walt Whitman

29. #29 Noiseless, Patient Spider • Tone of the poet. • Answer question 1. • Write your own poem about a spider or any other crawly thing. • 8-10 lines

30. #30 Settling – 10 min write. “Once you say you’re going to settle for second, that’s what happens in life, I find.”  -John F. Kennedy (35th President of the United States) Respond to this statement. Do you agree? Explain. Have you ever settled for something and wish you hadn’t?

31. #31 Robert E. Lee’s Letter Discuss in your tablegroups and answer questions 4 and 5.

32. #32 Realism 1855-1914 • 1861-1865 Civil War • 1862: Homestead Act • 1869: Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad • 1880s: Electricity ushers in the 2nd Industrial Revolution • 1890 Last major battle between U.S. and Native Americans -- Wounded Knee, SD

33. Realism 1855-1914 • 1903 Wright Brothers flight at Kitty Hawk • 1908 Henry Ford builds the first Model T using assembly line.

34. Realism 1855-1914 • Genres • Letters • Journals • Speeches • War Stories • Authors deal with characters and events in an objective almost factual way.

35. Realism 1855-1914 • NATURALISTS • Believe that forces larger than the individual: nature, fate, heredity, shape our destiny • REGIONALISTS writers present the distinct language, scenery and culture of an area.

36. Realism 1855-1914 • VALUES • Harsh view of life and reality • Growth of railroads, mining, and cattle ranching lead to the transformation of the west and an end frontier life • Bigger cities with new benefits and problems. • Immigration creates population growth and large supply of cheap labor • Concern develops for the rights of women, African Americans, children and laborers

37. Realism 1855-1914 • AUTHORS • Harsh view of life and reality • Growth of railroads, mining, and cattle ranching lead to the transformation of the west and an end frontier life • Bigger cities with new benefits and problems. • Immigration creates population growth and large supply of cheap labor • Concern develops for the rights of women, African Americans, children and laborers

38. Realism 1855-1914 • AUTHORS • Frederick Douglass • Mark Twain • Stephen Crane • Jack London • Chief Joseph • Willa Cather • Kate Chopin