The World’s People Chapter 3 Notes

1. The World’s PeopleChapter 3 Notes Geography

2. Chapter 3 Objectives: After studying this chapter you will be able to: • Explain what makes up a people’s culture • Discuss issues related to human population and its growth • Identify what resources are and explain why countries trade with one another • Describe how technology has changed the world.

3. Chapter 3, Section 1Understanding Culture • Culture- the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs • Culture consists of: social groups, language, religion, daily life, history, arts and type of government • Different governments include: Dictatorships, democracy and monarchy

4. Ethnic Group- a group of people who share a common history, language, religion and some physical characteristics. • Dialect- a local form of a language that differs from the same language spoken in other areas

5. 2. Cultures do not remain the same, they change over time. • Cultural Diffusion- the process of spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures • Example: planting food and learning farming techniques made early people stay in one place

6. Civilizations- highly developed cultures • Include: complex governments, religions and systems of writing • Culture Regions- different countries that have similar cultures in common.

7. Finished!

8. Chapter 3, Section 2Population Patterns • The world’s population is growing. • Death rate has gone down (less people are dying) , Birth rate has gone up (more babies are being born) Death Rate- the number of people out of every 1,000 who die in a year. Birth Rate- the number of children born each year for every 1,000 people

9. 2. Where people live: • Population distribution-population is not spread out evenly. People move to places where important resources are found. • Population density-the average number of people living in a square mile.

10. 3. More people are moving from villages into cities to find jobs. • Urbanization- movement into cities • Movement also occurs between countries when people emigrate, or leave the country where they were born and move to another. • Refugees- People who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster

11. Finished!!!

12. Chapter 3, Section 3Resources and World Trade • Natural resources- products of the earth that people use to meet their needs.Example: wind, water and oil provide energy • Renewable resources- cannot be used up, or can be replaced naturally or grown again • Ex. Wind, sun • Nonrenewable resources- a limited supply, cannot be replaced • Ex. Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

13. A country’s economic system sets rules for deciding what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and how they will receive them. • 4 types of economies are: Command economies, market economies, traditional economies and mixed economies.

14. 2. World Trade- Resources are not distributed evenly around the world. • Import- to buy goods from another country • Export- to trade goods to other countries

15. 3. Some countries try to manage trade to benefit their own country. • Tariff- a tax added to the price of the goods that are imported • Quota- a number limit, on how many items of a particular product can be imported from a particular country. • Free trade- removes trade barriers so that goods flow freely among countries

16. 4. Differences in development • Developed countries- a country in which a great deal of manufacturing is carried out. • Developing country- a country that is working toward industrialization

17. Read Pages 92-96. Answer the questions in complete sentences. 1.Define: Traditional Economy, Market Economy, Mixed Economy and Command Economy 2. What is free enterprise? 3. Why do developing countries want more industry?

18. Chapter 3, Section 4Our Shrinking World 1. Effects of technology on the world • Transportation technology- today people can travel to far away places much faster and easier than they used to. • Communication technology- People can now communicate faster.

19. 2. Globalization- the development of a world culture in an interdependent world economy • We must be involved citizens and be concerned with public affairs of our communities • Rights- benefits and protections that are guaranteed to you by law. • Responsibilities- duties that you owe to other citizens and your government.

20. Interdependence- When countries depend on one another for foods, raw materials to make goods and markets in which to sell their goods. • Events around the world have a rippling effect because of interdependence.

21. Chapter 3 ReviewWrite and Answer the questions ! 1. Why are people unevenly distributed around the world? A. People prefer to live in warm areas near the equator B. People tend to cluster in places that have rich soil, fresh water, and mild climates C. Mostly people live in regions that have coal and iron ore deposits D. People generally live in cultural regions that value individual achievement

22. 2. What kind of government structure does the U.S. have? A. Monarchy B. Democracy C. Unitary system D. Capitalist system

23. 3. What is our most important renewable energy source? A. Soil B. Fossil fuels C. Coal D. The Sun

24. 4. Which statement explains why water, forests and wild life are renewable resources? A. They can be continually replenished by nature B. They are not replaced by nature after being used C. They are not being used up as quickly as nonrenewable resources

25. 5. • All of the following are accurate statements about nonrenewable resources except: A. Nonrenewable resources are minerals formed in the earths crust by geologic forces over millions of years ago B. Non renewable resources can be replaced when they are used C. Supplies of nonrenewable resources vary greatly D. Coal, oil and natural gas are among the most important nonrenewable mineral resources

26. 6. People who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster are called A. Immigrants B. Refugees C. Travelers D. Nomads

27. 7. Three major components of culture are language, religion and __________. A. Animals B. Daily life C. Rulers D. Where the county is located

28. 8. Two examples of renewable resources are A. Oil and coal B. Soil and water C. Natural gas and uranium D. Aluminum and copper

29. 9. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about traditional economies? A. They are most common in rural parts of less developed nations B. They generally produce little surplus goods C. Decisions on what to charge for goods are made by the local government D. Most goods produced are consumed by the people who produce them and are within a small geographic area

30. 10. Our “shrinking” earth refers to: A. The planet getting smaller B. The increase in technology C. The population getting larger D. People living in smaller houses than before