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Australia’s Regional & Global Links Migration

Australia’s Regional & Global Links Migration. Use pg 271 of book to complete the table. The 2 main processes of migration. Immigration- The movement of people into A country. Emigration- The permanent departure Of people from their country.

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Australia’s Regional & Global Links Migration

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  1. Australia’s Regional & Global LinksMigration

  2. Use pg 271 of book to complete the table

  3. The 2 main processes of migration Immigration- The movement of people into A country Emigration- The permanent departure Of people from their country

  4. The process of migration takes place at a range of scales. • International Between countries

  5. 2.Interstate Between states or territories within a country.

  6. 3. Intrastate Between regions within a state or territory.

  7. During the fifty years from 1947 to 1997 Australia Population increased By approx 11.5 million. IMMIGRATION- • Migration may be eitherforcedor voluntary. • Immigration has had a significant impact on the size and structure of Australia’s population 7 Million of this increase can be attributed to the net gain of immigrants and their families

  8. http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,23636,24474767-664,00.htmlhttp://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,23636,24474767-664,00.html Oct 2008 migration rethink from the 2008-09 Migration Program is set at 190,300 places, representing a 19.8 per cent increase on the 2007-08 program. The figure includes 56,500 places for family migrants sponsored by people already in Australia and 133,500 places for those with special skills.

  9. Net Migration • Net migration is the difference between the number of permanent departures from Australia (emigration) and the number of people arriving to live in Australia on a permanent basis (immigration) • permanent arrivals (immigration) – permanent departures (emigration) = net migration

  10. Immigration • Australian society has been shaped by a long history of immigration. Since 1945 around 6.5 million people have arrived as new settlers and in 2006, nearly one in four (24%) Australian residents were born overseas.

  11. Australian Population Change 1901-2002 Growth rates

  12. Australian Immigration: • 7 million immigrants(2nd Generation) between 1947-97 • The composition of immigrant population has changed significantly over time. Why? : • White Australia Policy. • The need for labour post WWII. (Snowy River)

  13. Why come to Australia? http://www.ntrust.com.sg/why-migrate-to-australia.htm A perspective from Singapore

  14. Short Answer practice. 1.Outline this cartoon’s main ideas/ themes Indicate in general terms the main features of…

  15. The cartoonists main ideas are that immigration has created jobs. • Businesses in Australia have a larger amount of people to sell to. • There is a larger marketplace which has created Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. GDP means the total combined value of all the goods and services produced in the economy at a given time. • Therefore immigration has largely contributed to economic growth

  16. Australian Emigration: • This is a voluntary form of migration. Why leave Australia?

  17. People attempting to improve their social and economic well being. Where do they go? Mostly to the UK, USA, NZ, China.

  18. Composition of Australia's Population Refer to page 272 for this graph THEN read the text below it to complete the tasks • Complete the summary table 2. Work out the % for each group listed

  19. Skilled Types Of Migration Family Streamed Humanitarian Trans Tasman

  20. Illegal Migrants • Illegal migrants under Australian law are those who: • enter Australia without authority; or • overstay visas, work without appropriate approval or have their visas cancelled. • There are estimated to be about 50,000 visa over stayers in Australia. The majority? British Nationals.

  21. Types of migration flows to Australia • Skilled Stream: • Highly skilled migrants who could potentially contribute to the economy. • Migrants must pass a skills test. ie, English speaking ability, work experience,etc. • This is usually a voluntary form of emigration. • Since the late 1990s, the Skill Stream has been the largest and fastest growing Migration Program stream, an increase in the proportion of total permanent additions in this category from 23% in 1996–97 to 51% in 2005–06.

  22. Family Stream: • Migrants selected due to their families ties in Australia. • Migrants must be a close family member of someone already living in Australia. • There is no skills or language test for these migrants. • As a proportion of total permanent additions, the Family Stream has decreased from 45% (47,300) in 1996–97 to 26% (45,900) in 2005–06.

  23. Humanitarian migration: • The Humanitarian Program is the smallest of Australia's immigration categories • This is designed to provide sanctuary for refugees. • This is normally a forced form of migration. • Examples of factors for people leaving their countries include war, disease and famine. • In 2005–06, there were around 17,000 permanent additions through the Humanitarian Program, representing 9% of all permanent additions in that year.

  24. Trans-Tasman migration: • This is a unique agreement with New Zealand. • It means New Zealanders can enter, live and work in Australia without a visa. • There were 15 663 migrant settlers from NZ in 2001-02.

  25. This is a link to the latest Government Statistical publications http://www.immi.gov.au/media /publications/statistics/index.htm

  26. ADVANTAGES Cultural and linguistic diversity • Considered a valuable resource • Over 200 languages spoken here • A rich mix of traditions, cultures, languages and beliefs. • Multiculturalism is now considered a defining characteristic of Australia’s identity. • Food, music, customs enrich our lifestyles.

  27. ADVANTAGES Economic Benefits • Generate wealth and employment for all Australians + invest in economy. (29% small businesses owned/operated by overseas born) • Generate extra tax revenue for the govt. (very important in an ageing society) • Important language and cultural skills boosts our links/ business opportunities overseas. • Research shows that migration increases average incomes and improves the economy. • Migrants address skills shortages. (check p.279 for more advantages)

  28. ADVANTAGES Geopolitical advantages • Migration policy is a sensitive topic and accepting refugees improves our foreign relations and standing in the international community. • It has also helped Australia to build stronger bilateral and multilateral links with other countries.

  29. DISADVANTAGES Racial Conflict • There are those who see this as a threat to Australia’s Anglo- Celtic background. • Some groups are discriminated against e.g. Sudanese people in Tamworth

  30. DISADVANTAGES Economic Costs • At times it can be a drain on the economy because they need support services • In some instances they can take jobs from Australians

  31. DISADVANTAGES Geopolitical disadvantages • Australia’s hard line on people smuggling out of SE Asia has created some friction with our close neighbours • The ‘Pacific Solution’ (processing and detaining asylum seekers on islands outside the migration zone has drawn criticism from the United Nations.

  32. The role of Government Migration continued

  33. The Federal Government plays an important role in the development of immigration policy. • It has a number of key roles, such as: • Developing policy • Enforcing Australia’s migration policy • Provision of services for new arrivals

  34. Developing Policy • Federal government develops immigration policy • Sets requirements foreign nationals need to meet for entry into Australia (Migration Act 1958)

  35. Enforcing Australia’s migration policy • This involves: • Preventing people smuggling • Deporting foreign nationals who do not have correct documentation • Ensuring visitors do not overstay their visas

  36. Provision of services • Provisions that are provided for new migrants include: • Settlement information • English programs • Translation and interpretation services

  37. The role of non government services: (NGO’s) • Some roles of NGOs include: • Defend human rights of asylum seekers and illegal migrants • Provide legal advice to asylum seekers. • Mount campaigns in support of migrants rights. • Some eg’s of NGOs include: Amnesty International, AUSTCARE, and Red Cross.

  38. Govt. treatment of asylum seekers. • Those entering Australia with the correct visa can apply for permanent protection visas. • Those arriving illegally are detained until they can prove their refugee status. • Some detention centres include Villawood, Baxter, Woomera, and Port Hedland.

  39. The Tampa Crisis. • Aug 2001: 433 asylum seekers rescued from a sinking ship by MV Tampa (Norway). • The Tampa was refused entry into Australian waters to unload the people. • The govt. processed the asylum seekers applications offshore, eventually accepting 27 of the refugees.

  40. The plight of asylum seekers was brought to the attention of the world as a result of the affair.

  41. The Pacific solution: • The creation of an ‘exclusion zone’ which included nearly all of the northern coast of Australia, as well as outlying islands. • This meant that people arriving on these outer islands could not automatically apply for visas

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