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World War I Review

World War I Review. Alliances Fashoda Morocco Balkans WWI. Triple Alliance. 1879 Germany and AH military alliance 1882 Italy added If any member became involved in war with two or more powers, allies should aid with force of arms. Triple Entente. 1894 Franco Russian Alliance

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World War I Review

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  1. World War I Review Alliances Fashoda Morocco Balkans WWI

  2. Triple Alliance • 1879 Germany and AH military alliance • 1882 Italy added • If any member became involved in war with two or more powers, allies should aid with force of arms

  3. Triple Entente • 1894 Franco Russian Alliance • French loans and financing to Russia • Russia guarantees defense of France • Splendid Isolation of GB ends with Boer War and 1902 GB and Japan alliance against Russia • 1904 GB and French support one another against third parties1907 GB and Russia sign Anglo Russian Convention • GB refuses to commit militarily

  4. Fashoda Crisis- France v GB • Sept 18,1898 • France East to West Railroad • GB North to South Railroad • Fashoda Sudan Obscure Outpost • French on July 10 under FFM: Gabriel Hanotaux, Military Jean-Baptiste Marchand • GB on Sept 18; Sir Herbert Kitchener • To War or Not to War? • Nov 4, Delcasse new FFM withdraws but continues to other posts • March 21, 1899 Nile and the Congo Mark Boundaries • Resentment between GB and France

  5. Russo Japanese War • Nicholas II Czar • Tsar controlled by Rasputin • Russia has many internal problems • Attempts to expand • Japan defeats Russia in 1905 • Teddy Roosevelt helps reach a peace agreement

  6. Russo Japanese War

  7. Moroccan Crisis • 1904 GB gives France Morocco (near Algeria) • 1905 Germany declares support for an independent Morocco to test the GB French alliance • 1906 Algeciras Conference • GB defends France • AH votes with Germany • Morocco as a French protectorate • GB is pushed into the arms of France

  8. Moroccan Crisis Cont • 1911 Second Crisis • German gunboat protecting ‘German Interests’ in Agadir Morocco won’t leave until Germany has the French Congo • Tension mounts and GB is angered again • France gives Germany some small land in Africa

  9. Balkan Crises • Balkans are controlled by OE, AH, Influenced by Russia, Independent • Many Ethnic and Religious Groups • 1878 AH occupied and administered Austria • 1900 Radical Slav nationalists Indp = Coats, Slovenian, and Serbians join as one country • 1908 Young Turks overthrow Sultan • Russia focuses on Balkans for Expansion

  10. Balkans Cont • AH Alois von Aethrenthal and Russia Alexander Isvolsky • Secret agreement: • Call international conference, support each other • Austria gets Bosnia, Russia gets Straits • Austria annexes Bosnia without the conference, GB and France are upset and do not back Russia • Serbs are violated by AH • Russian Public Opinion is Upset

  11. Balkans Cont • 1911 Italy declares war on Turkey (OE) • Wins Tripoli and Dodecanese Islands • Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece join forces against Turkey • Bulgarians claim more Macedonia than Serbs would yield • 1912 Second War • Serbia and Greece both claim Albania, Italy was promised Albania • Great powers step in an give Albania Independence keeping Serbia from the sea and upsetting Russia again • Exasperation in Austria, Desperation in Serbia, Humiliation in Russia

  12. Trench Warfare and Stalemate Packet • Schlieffan Plan • Battle of the Marne Reverse! • Battle of Verdun 6 months, 700,000 dead • Gallipoli 145,000 dead • Battle of the Somme 60,000 dead in first week and advanced 1 mile; 1,100,000 died • No tanks, horses, no self propelled guns, trucks, machine gun, • Submarine Warfare and Blockades

  13. Soldiers • British Soldiers' Kit • The soldiers who attacked on the Somme on 1 July 1916 are sometimes portrayed as being laden with a pack weighing over 66lbs (30kg). While it is true that the British soldier’s load in full ‘marching order’ exceeded 66lbs, the initial fighting waves on the Somme were more lightly equipped. Official records and photographic evidence show what was worn and carried. By the start of the Battle every British soldier had been issued with a steel helmet. • The War Diary of 94th Brigade (The National Archives WO95/2363), which attacked at Serre, specified the following clothing and equipment for 1 July 1916: • Dress – Marching order without packs, groundsheet rolled on the belt with the mess tin on top, haversack on the back. • Each man carries 170 rounds of SAA [small arms ammunition] – 120 in pouches and 1 bandolier containing 50 rounds. • 4 bombs, 4 [empty] sandbags • Gas helmet (rolled under steel helmet) • 1 complete day’s rations in addition to Iron Rations. • Tin disc tied to the outside of the haversack with string (this was intended to reflect light so that senior commanders and artillery spotters could keep track of the advancing waves advancing wave

  14. Home front Packet • Propaganda • Conscription • Rations • Total Mobilization • Government Planning • Women to Work

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