INDIA

1. INDIA By Baljinder Dheri

3. There are a total number of 1,166,790,217 people living in India. India is the 2nd most populated country in the world. The capital is New Delhi India has a density of 305 people per sq. kilometer. 30% of India is urban and 70% is rural The top 5 largest cities in India are Bombay: 13,922,125 New Delhi: 12,259,230 Calcutta: 7,780,544 Bangalore: 5.310.318 Chennai: 4,590,267 Ethnic group: Indo-Aryan(72%), Dravidian(25%), Languages: Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%

4. Geography India is the seventh largest country by geographical area Location: 20 00 N, 77 00 E in Asia It’s in the region of South Asia Bordering countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Nepal, Pakistan Bordering oceans and lakes: Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan Land regions and land forms: upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north Bodies of water: Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal Because of India's size, its climate depends not only on the time of year, but also the location. In general, temperatures tend to be cooler in the north, especially between September and March. The south is coolest between November to January. Special Conditions: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

5. Natural Resources: coal, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land Manufacturing/Industries: textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software Crops: Staple foods such as wheat and rice are cultivated in India. Nonstaple food crops, include potatoes, onions, various greens, eggplants, okra, squashes, and other vegetables. Some fruits include as mangoes, bananas, mandarin oranges, papayas, and melons. Sugarcane is widely cultivated. Livestock: India has the world's largest cattle population (193 million). Cattle and buffalo are used to provide milk, as sources of meat and as sources of fertilizer, cooking fuel, leather, and milk. Fishing: Fishing is practiced along the entire length of India’s coastline and on virtually all of its many rivers. Tourism: India attracted about 4 million foreign tourists in 2006 who spent US$8.9 billion.The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. potato sugarcane wheat

6. History History • 2500-1550 B.C :Harappa and Mohenjodaro communities • 563-483 B.C : Gautama Buddha………….. • 326 B.C : Alexander invades part of India • Chandra Gupta Maurya(300 B.C.) established the Indian Empire • Emperor Ashoka (272 B.C) spread Buddhism to the Mauryan Empire • 1666: Guru Gobin Singh created the Khalsa • 1857: India’s first Independence war • 1885: India’s national congress formed • 1930: The March of Dandi and Rise of Mahatama Gandhi • 1971: Wars with Pakistan and Liberation of Bangladesh • 2005: Outsourcing creates a service economy boom • 2500-1550 B.C :Harappa and Mohenjodaro communities • 563-483 B.C : Gautama Buddha taught Buddiasim • 326 B.C : Alexander invades part of India • Chandra Gupta Maurya(300 B.C.) established the Indian Empire • Emperor Ashoka (272 B.C) spread Buddhism to the Mauryan Empire • 1666: Guru Gobin Singh created the Khalsa • 1857: India’s first Independence war • 1885: India’s national congress formed • 1930: The March of Dandi and Rise of Mahatama Gandhi • 1971: Wars with Pakistan and Liberation of Bangladesh • 2005: Outsourcing creates a service economy boom 2500-1550 B.C :Harappa and Mohenjodaro communities 563-483 B.C : Gautama Buddha………….. 326 B.C : Alexander invades part of India Chandra Gupta Maurya(300 B.C.) established the Indian Empire Emperor Ashoka (272 B.C) spread Buddhism to the Mauryan Empire 1666: Guru Gobin Singh created the Khalsa 1857: India’s first Independence war 1885: India’s national congress formed 1930: The March of Dandi and Rise of Mahatama Gandhi 1971: Wars with Pakistan and Liberation of Bangladesh 2005: Outsourcing creates a service economy boom

7. Government • India is a federal republic • The government of India is based on the parliamentary system of England • The head of the government is Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (since May 22, 2004) • The head of the state is President Pratibha Patil (since July 25, 2007) and Vice President Hamid Ansari (since August 11,2007) • The Supreme Court consists of one chief of justoc and 25 associate justices that are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65 or are removed for “proved misbehavior” • The role of the military is to protect the country from invader such as Persia • To be able the vote you must be at the age of 18 Pratibha Patil Hamid Ansari Manmohan Singh

8. Traditions Indian cuisine is characterized by a wide variety of regional styles and is especially known for the use of herbs and spices in food. The staple foods in the region are rice in east and south and wheat in the north. Women wear two types of clothing, a saari, which consists of a belly-baring top and a cloth that wraps around the body, or a salwaar-kameez, which consists of a knee-length top and a loose-fitting bottom. For men, clothing consists of a kurta-pajaama, which is a knee-length top and pants, or western clothing. Indian architecture is very diverse. One example is the Taj Mahal. Much of Indian architecture consists of a mix of ancient and local practices from all over the country and overseas.

9. Arts, Music, Literature • Indian music covers a wide range of traditions and regional styles. • Theatre in India often incorporates music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue. Often based on Hindu mythology. but also borrowing from medieval romances, and news of social and political events. • The Indian film industry is the largest in the world. Bollywood, based in Mumbai, makes commercial Hindi films and is the most prolific film industry in the world. • The earliest works of Indian literature were transmitted orally and only later written down.