National and International Networking Infrastructure and Research

1. National and International Networking Infrastructure and Research June 13, 2003 Mari Maeda NSF/CISE/ANIR

2. Infrastructure that enables: • Scientific research • Education and training • Experimentation and strategic deployment to advance and introduce new networking capability Infrastructure/Infrastructure-enhancing Investments: • International Networks • High-Performance Network Connections (HPNC) • Optical Networking • Enhanced E2E networking protocols • Middleware • Network-stressing applications, collaborative apps, … • Network Research Testbeds

3. Advanced Network Infrastructure • What is the objective of the network? • (needs that cannot be served by Internet or other research/education networks) • What community or communities are being served? What research is enabled? • What network performance metrics are used and monitored? • Usage? • What is the use/participation policy? • (some examples: abilene, cenic, bossnet, atdnet)

4. International Networks (1997-2004) • STAR TAP /STAR LIGHT: Univ of Illinois at Chicago Interconnect point for Abilene, Esnet, DREN, NREN, AMPATH, CA*NET4, SURFnet(Netherlands), NORDUnet, CER, TransPAC/APAN, NaukaNET, Asnet (Taiwan) • TransPAC: Indiana University • Euro-Link: University of Illinois at Chicago; Netherlands, France, Israel, Nordic. • MIRnet/Russia: University of Illinois (NCSA)

5. Euro-Link • Euro-Link originally DS-3s from STAR TAP to France, Israel, Netherlands and Nordic countries • Today • OC192 to Netherlands • OC48 + OC12 to CERN • (Nordic at OC-3) • (France at OC-3) • (Israel - now uses GEANT) • Summer 2003 • OC192 +OC192 to Netherlands • OC192 + OC12 to DOE • partly carrying Abilene and CAnet4 production transport between Chicago and Amsterdam)

6. Current TransPAC Network OC-12 POS between Tokyo and Seattle OC-12 ATM between Tokyo and Chicago

7. Short-term TransPAC Plans • Expand Tokyo-Chicago link (OC-48) • Shift from ATM to POS on Tokyo-Chicago link • Eliminate Tokyo-Seattle link (cost considerations) OC-48

8. Infrastructure/Infrastructure-enhancing Investments -- beyond raw connectivity and high-speed • International Networks • High-Performance Network Connections (HPNC) • Enhanced E2E networking protocols • Optical Networking • Middleware Research and Deployment • Network-stressing applications • Network Research Testbeds

9. Traditional VLBI The Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Technique(with traditional data recording on magnetic tape or disk) • GEODESY • Highest precision (few mm) technique available for global tectonic measurements • Highest spatial and time resolution of Earth’s motion in space for the study of Earth’s interior • Earth-rotation measurements important for military/civilian navigation • Fundamental calibration for GPS constellation within Celestial Ref Frame • ASTRONOMY • Highest resolution technique available to astronomers – tens of microarcseconds • Allows detailed studies of the most distant objects

10. Scientific Advantages of e-VLBI (real -time) • Bandwidth growth potential for higher sensitivity • VLBI sensitivity (SNR) proportional to square root of Bandwidth resulting in a large increase in number of observable objects(only alternative is bigger antennas – hugely expensive) • e-VLBI bandwidth potential growth far exceeds recording capability(practical recordable data rate limited to ~1 Gbps) • Rapid processing turnaround • Astronomy • Ability to study transient phenomena with feedback to steer observations • Geodesy • Higher-precision measurements for geophysical investigations • Better Earth-orientation predictions, particularly UT1, important for military and civilian navigation

11. Elements of e-VLBI Development • Phase 1: Develop eVLBI-compatible data system • Mark 5 system development at MIT Haystack Observatory being supported by NRAO, NASA, USNO plus four international partners • Prototypes now deployed in U.S. and Europe • Phase 2: Demonstrate 1 Gbps e-VLBI using Boston-DC link • ~700km link between Haystack Observatory and NASA/GSFC • First e-VLBI experiment achieved ~788Mbps transfer rate • Phase 3: Develop adaptive network protocol(ANIR STI grant to Haystack Observatory; collaboration with MIT Lab for Computer Science and MIT Lincoln Laboratory); • New IP-based protocol tailored to operate in shared-network ‘background’ to efficiently using available bandwidth • Demonstrate on national and international networks

12. Phase 4: Extend e-VLBI to national and global VLBI community

13. Westford-to-Kashima e-VLBI experiment • Westford/Kashima experiment conducted on 15 Oct 02 • Data recorded on K5 at Kashima and Mark 5 at Westford at 256 Mbps • Files exchanged over Abilene/GEMnet networks • Nominal speed expected to be ~20 Mbps, but achieved <2 Mbps for unknown reasons - investigating • File formats software translated • Correlation on Mark 4 correlator at Haystack and PC Software correlator at Kashima • Nominal fringes obtained • Further experiments are anticipated

14. Networking Research Testbeds (NRT) • Networks that are designed and built by networking researchers for the purpose of advancing networking research. • Fully controlled experimental environment. • Demonstration of prototype network sw/hw. • Deployment of experimental platform, benchmark suite, tools (traffic generators, configuration and deployment tools) integration with simulation and emulation systems. • Research examples: • -network security (DDOS/worm attack defense) • -wireless networking (MANET benchmarking, sensor networking) • -new generation of optical networking techniques • -overlays (e.g. PLANETLAB)

15. iGrid 2002September 24-26, 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands • 16 countries: Australia, Canada, CERN/Switzerland, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, UK, US • Applications demonstrated: art, bioinformatics, chemistry, cosmology, cultural heritage, education, high-definition media streaming, manufacturing medicine, neuroscience, physics, tele-science • Grid technologies demonstrated: Major emphasis on grid middleware, data management grids, data replication grids, visualization grids, teleimmersion grids, data/visualization grids, computational grids, access grids, grid portals • 25Gb transatlantic bandwidth (100Mb/attendee, 250x iGrid2000! ) www.startap.net/igrid2002