1 / 38

anatomy of the central nervous system: part 1

. The Central Nervous System. CNSBrainSpinal cord ~. Peripheral Nervous System. Somatic Nervous System - SNSSensory

paul
Download Presentation

anatomy of the central nervous system: part 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


    1. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System:Part 1 Lecture 10

    3. Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System - SNS Sensory & Motor Autonomic Nervous System - ANS Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division Cranial Nerves - 12 Pair Spinal Nerves - 31 Pair ~

    4. Terminology Afferent - toward Sensory Efferent - away from Motor ~

    5. Dorsal - toward the back Ventral - toward the stomach Anterior & Posterior Rostral & Caudal ~ Terminology

    7. Brainstem & spinal cord

    10. Terminology Medial - toward the midline Lateral - away from the midline Ipsilateral - same side Contralateral - opposite side Decussate - crossover ~

    11. Coronal - frontal cross-section - salami - front view Sagittal - side view hot-dog bun Horizontal - top view ~ Planes

    15. Development of the Nervous System

    16. Embryological Origin Embryo has 3 layers endoderm ---> internal organs mesoderm ---> muscles & skeleton ectoderm ---> nervous system & skin Neural plate (~3 weeks) sheet of cells neural groove folds rostral to caudal ---> tube ~

    17. Development of N.S. Neural tube CNS develops from walls as tube develops dorsal portion pinches off & forms... Neural crest develops into all neurons of PNS Mesoderm somites ---> vertebrae & muscles ~

    18. Neural Tube Defects Neural tube fails to close Rostral failure anencephaly skull & brain partially or totally absent perinatal mortality Encephalocele parts of brain protrude outside skull mental disability depends on extent ~

    19. Neural Tube Defects: Spina Bifida Cleft spine Caudal neural tube fails to close Incidence Spina bifida occulta 40% of Americans Spina Bifida Manifesta 1 in a 1000 births myelomeningocele: 96% meningocele: 4% ~

    20. Neural Tube Defects: Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele protruding cyst as with meningocele spinal cord / nerves in protruding sac Effects paralysis, incontinence, learning disabilities 70-90% also hydrocephalus can cause severe brain damage Repaired surgically ~

    21. Neural Tube Defects: Spina Bifida Meningocele fluid-filled meningeal cyst protrudes through unfused vertebral arches SC/nerves not in sac repaired surgically less severe disability than myelomeningocele ~

    22. Neural Tube Defects: Prevention Possible genetic component reoccurrence in families ethnic/racial relationship Folic Acid (Folate) Deficiency 50-70% of cases preventable CDC guidelines not planning pregnancy: 400 mg/day planned pregnancy: 4000 mg/day under direction of health care provider ~

    23. Stages of Cellular Activity 6 distinct stages 1. Neurogenesis mitosis nonneural cells neurons do not divide develop into neurons or glia glia produced throughout life ~

    24. Stages of Cellular Activity 2. Cell migration to specific brain locations along radial glia later: along other neurons 3. Differentiation into specific neuron types by induction influenced by surrounding cells or cell-autonomous ~

    25. Stages of Cellular Activity 4. Synaptogenesis formation of synapses growth of axons & dendrites growth cones 5. Neuronal cell death apoptosis: programmed cell death 20-80% of neurons in a region genetically programmed lack of neurotrophic factors ~

    26. Stages of Cellular Activity 6. synaptic rearrangement elimination of synapse formation of new synapses dependent on neural activity ~

    27. Differentiation Specialization of structures 3 primary vesicles rostral end of tube develops into brain Prosencephalon ---> forebrain Mesencephalon ---> midbrain Rhombencephalon ---> hindbrain ~

    28. Prosencephalon Secondary vesicles form & separate optic ---> retinas retina & optic nerve part of brain not PNS telencephalic ---> telencephalon remainder ---> diencephalon ~

    29. Other Primary Vesicles Mesencephalic ---> mesencephalon dorsal - tectum ventral - tegmentum tube - cerebral aqueduct Rhombencephalic rostral - metencephalon caudal - myelencephalon tube - 4th ventricle ~

    30. Telencephalon Cortical areas Fiber systems Landmarks Fissures /Sulci Lobes Gyri ~

    35. The Meninges Tough connective tissue Dura mater - tough outer layer Arachnoid membrane - soft middle layer Pia mater - soft inner layer, next to brain ~

    36. Subarachnoid space Gap between arachnoid membrane and pia mater Filled with CSF Brain floats in CSF ~

    37. Dura mater Arachnoid membrane Subarachnoid space CSF Pia mater The Meninges

    38. Ventricular System Another circulatory system for the brain 4 interconnected ventricles chambers Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) manufactured in choroid plexus Hydrocephalus - blockage of CSF flow ~

    39. Ventricular System

More Related