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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. Introduction to NATO. Introduction to NATO. NATO Public Diplomacy Division. NATO today?. Cold War static warfare – nuclear deterrence. End Cold War partnerships – crisis management. September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

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  1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Introduction to NATO Introduction to NATO NATO Public Diplomacy Division

  2. NATO today? • Cold War static warfare – nuclear deterrence • End Cold War partnerships – crisis management • September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks combating new threats – force projection out-of-area

  3. NATO today? • political or military? • political or military? COLLECTIVE • defensive or pre-emptive action? • defensive or pre-emptive action? DEFENCE • North Atlantic, Euro-Atlantic or global? • north atlantic, euro-atlantic or global?

  4. NATO - Overview What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?

  5. What is NATO? 1. A political & military organisation 2. Member countries 3. Sharing common values 4. The principle of collective defence 5. A broad definition of security 6. Maintaining the transatlantic link OVERVIEW

  6. A political & military organisation • A political organisation reinforcing security by reducing the risk of conflict DIPLOMACY DIALOGUE / CONSENSUS COOPERATION WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  7. A political & military organisation COLLECTIVEDEFENCE CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS MAINTAINING ADEQUATE MILITARY CAPABILITIES • A military organisation WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  8. Member countries 26 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States 1949 1952 Greece, Turkey 1952 1955 Germany 1955 1982 Spain 1982 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland 1999 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia 2004 WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  9. Sharing common values freedom common heritage rule of law individual liberty democracy solidarity peace and stability well-being WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  10. The principle of collective defence An armed attack against one or more members is considered as an attack against all The right to self-defence – Article 51 UN Charter • Article 5 - Washington Treaty No geographic limitation – foreign ministers at Reykjavik, May 2002 • Operate when & where necessary to fight terrorism WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  11. A broad definition of security • Political • Economic • Social • Environmental • Military The Alliance’s Strategic Concept (1999) WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  12. The transatlantic link • Linking North America and Europe • A unique security partnership + forum for strategic security discussions WHAT IS NATO? OVERVIEW

  13. What does NATO do? Protects people 1. 2. Welcomes new members 1. 3. Forges partnerships 4. Builds peace and stability 5. Combats new threats OVERVIEW

  14. Protecting people • Stimulates consultation • Promotes dialogue and cooperation • Prevents conflicts through diplomacy • Helps to rebuild post-conflict areas OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  15. Welcoming new members • Article 10 Washington Treaty « The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. […] » • NATO’sopen door policy an ongoing process OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  16. Membership Action Plan Currently: Albania, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia* • Programme to help aspiring partner countries : MEET NATO STANDARDS PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE MEMBERSHIP * Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name NEW MEMBERS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  17. Forging partnerships Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council Partnership for Peace programme NATO-Russia relations NATO-Ukraine relations Mediterranean Dialogue Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Working with other international organisations OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  18. Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council • A MULTILATERAL FORUM -49 26 members + 23 partners • EAPC ACTIONPLAN regional issues, arms control, terrorism, peacekeeping, science, etc. Created in 1997 – successor to the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991) PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  19. Partnership for Peace • 23 Partners Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyz Republic, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan • Established in 1994 *Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  20. Partnership for Peace • Practical cooperation • Planning & Review Process • Individual Partnership Programmes • Individual Partnership Action Plans • Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism • Partnership for Peace Trust Funds • Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  21. NATO-Russia relations • « Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation » (1997) • «  • Practical cooperation • NATO-Russia Council (2002) PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  22. NATO-Ukraine relations • « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997) • «  • Practical cooperation • NATO-Ukraine Commission (1997) PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  23. Mediterranean Dialogue • Initiated 1994 - currently seven participants • The Mediterranean Cooperation Group • Annual work programmes Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  24. Istanbul Cooperation Initiative • Initiated 2004 - currently four participants • The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Group • Annual work programmes Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirats PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  25. Other international organisations • United Nations • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe • Council of Europe • Non-governmental organisations • European Union PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  26. Building peace and stability • Civil emergency planning • Crisis management operations and missions Afghanistan Kosovo Iraq Darfur (Sudan) previous Balkan operations Refugee crises forest fires floods earthquakes, etc. OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  27. Crisis management operations • NON-ARTICLE5 • ASSISTANCE TO PARTNERS e.g., NATO operations in the Balkans e.g., the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia* • ARTICLE 5 Assistance to United States - 2001 * Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name PEACE & STABILITY OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  28. Civil Emergency Planning • Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Capability • Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Capability • Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center – NATO HQ • Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center – NATO HQ 2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit A deployable unit 2.Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit A deployable unit PEACE & STABILITY OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  29. Combating new threats • Developing military capabilities • Action against terrorism smaller, more flexible & mobile forces Operation Active Endeavour, Operation Eagle Assist etc. • Developing military capabilities • Fighting spread of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  30. Developing military capabilities • Prague Capabilities Commitment (2002) Defence Capabilities Initiative (1999) • NATO Response Force (NRF) • Reforming the military command structure • Reform of the defence planning process • Allied Ground Surveillance planning process • Missile defence NEW THREATS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  31. Fighting terrorism • International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) • Operation Active Endeavour • Military concept for defence against terrorism • Partnership Action Plan against terrorism • Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit • Operation Eagle Assist (2001-2002) • AWACS surveillance missions NEW THREATS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  32. Weapons of mass destruction • Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative • Weapons of Mass Destruction Centre (1999 Washington Summit) (located at NATO HQ since 2000) • NATO multinational Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) defence Battalion (2004) NEW THREATS OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  33. How does NATO work? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. • z 1. Consensus decision-making 2. Civil and military structure 3. Delegations 4. Main bodies 5. NATO Secretary General 6. International Staff International Military Staff 7. 8. Military command structure 9. Agencies 10. Paying for NATO OVERVIEW

  34. Consensus decision-making • An inter- governmental organisation where decisions are taken jointly by each member country • Principle of consensus applied at every committee level HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  35. Civil and military structure National Authorities Military Representatives to NATO Permanent Representatives (Ambassadors to NATO) North Atlantic Council (NAC) Defence Planning Committee (DPC) Nuclear Planning Group (NPG) Military Committee (MC) Committees subordinate to the Council, DPC and NPG Secretary General International Military Staff Strategic Commands International Staff Allied Command Operations Allied Command Transformation Integrated Military Command Structure HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  36. Delegations • A national delegation per member country NATO HQ, Brussels • Status of an Embassy • Headed by an Ambassador or   Permanent Representative  HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  37. Main bodies • North Atlantic Council • Defence Planning Committee • Nuclear Planning Group • Military Committee HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  38. NATO Secretary General • Chairman of NATO’s senior committees and decision facilitator • Spokesman • Head of International Staff HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  39. International Staff • Advisory and administrative body • Supports work of Delegations • Divided into divisions • Staffed by nationals from member countries HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  40. International Staff Executive Management Division Council Secretariat NATO Office of Security Office of the Financial Controller Secretary General Deputy Secretary General Civil & Military Budget Committees Senior Resource Board International Board of Auditors Political Affairs and Security Policy Division Defence Policy and Planning Division Operations Division Defence Investment Division Public Diplomacy Division HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  41. International Military Staff Financial Controller Financial Controller Public Information Advisor Public Information Advisor Director (DIMS) Executive Coordinator Director (DIMS) Executive Coordinator Legal Officer Legal Officer Personnel Personnel Support Activities Support Activities SITCEN SITCEN Intelligence Division Intelligence Division Operations Division Operations Division Plans & Policy Division Plans & Policy Division Cooperation & Regional Security Division Cooperation & Regional Security Division Logistics Armaments & Resources Division Logistics Armaments & Resources Division NHQC3S* NHQC3S* *The NATO HQ Consultation, Command & Control (C3) Staff HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  42. Military command structure • Allied Command Operations (ACO) • Allied Command Transformation (ACT) NATO OPERATIONS ALLIANCE TRANSFORMATION • Developing military capabilities HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  43. Allied Command Operations (ACO) ACO SHAPE Mons, Belgium JFC HQ Brunssum The Netherlands JFC HQ Brunssum The Netherlands Joint HQ Lisbon Portugal Joint HQ Lisbon Portugal JFC HQ Naples Italy JFC HQ Naples Italy CC-Air HQ Ramstein Germany CC-Air HQ Ramstein Germany CC-Mar HQ Northwood UK CC-Mar HQ Northwood UK CC-Land HQ Heidelberg Germany CC-Land HQ Heidelberg Germany CC-Air HQ Izmir Turkey CC-Air HQ Izmir Turkey CC-Mar HQ Naples Italy CC-Mar HQ Naples Italy CC-Land HQ Madrid Spain CC-Land HQ Madrid Spain CAOC-3 P.Renatico Italy CAOC-3 P.Renatico Italy CAOC-1 Uedem Germany CAOC-1 Uedem Germany DCAOC P.Renatico Italy DCAOC P.Renatico Italy DCAOC Uedem Germany DCAOC Uedem Germany CAOC-2 Finderup Denmark CAOC-2 Finderup Denmark CAOC-4 Larissa Greece CAOC-4 Larissa Greece Commander USEUCOM Dual- hatted HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE OVERVIEW

  44. Allied Command Transformation (ACT) ACT Norfolk, USA USJFCOM Strategic Concepts Policy & Requirements Identification Joint Concept Development Future Capabilities Research & Technology Education & Training Multi/ National Centres of Excellence NATO Agencies/ Bodies ACT Staff Element Mons, Belgium Joint Warfare Centre Stavanger, Norway Undersea Research Centre La Spezia, Italy NATO Defense College Rome, Italy Capabilities Planning & Implementation Joint Force Training Centre Bydgoszcz, Poland NATO School Oberammergau, Germany Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre Monsanto, Portugal NATO Communications & Information System School Latina, Italy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NATO Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre Souda Bay, Greece HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE OVERVIEW

  45. Reform of the military command structure • Three tiers command: STRATEGIC LEVEL - from geographical to functional division of responsibilities OPERATIONAL LEVEL - from seven to five HQ TACTICAL OR COMPONENT - from 13 to six HQ HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE OVERVIEW

  46. Agencies • Production and logistics • Standardisation • Communications • Research • Other agencies and organisations • Project offices HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  47. Paying for NATO • Indirect contributions • Direct contributions principle of common funding - Civil budget - Military budget - NATO’s Security Investment programme HOW DOES NATO WORK? OVERVIEW

  48. The Alliance’s Strategic Concept • First published in 1991 & revised in 1999  tra • Official document outlining - purpose & tasks of the Alliance - strategic perspectives - Alliance approach to security in 21st century - guidelines for Alliance forces • Official document outlining: - purpose & tasks of the Alliance - strategic perspectives - Alliance approach to security in 21st century - guidelines for Alliance forces • First published in 1991 & revised in 1999 WHAT IS NATO? A BROAD DEFINITION OF SECURITY OVERVIEW

  49. Practical cooperation • Demining • Modernisation of armed forces • Modernisation of armed forces • Modernisation of armed forces  tra • Defence reform • Defence reform • Demining • Modernisation of armed forces • Modernisation of armed forces • Flood prevention • Water management • Etc. PARTNERSHIPS PFP OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

  50. Planning & Review Process • Identifies & evaluates forces & capabilities for multinational • training • exercises • operations … conducted with NATO forces  tra • Identifies & evaluates forces & capabilities for multinational • training • exercises • operations … conducted with NATO forces PARTNERSHIPS PFP OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

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