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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka. M Azath S Salley Deputy Mayor of Colombo Sri Lanka. Basic Data. Environment conditions in cities. Conditions are different depending on the location Colombo High Density population Vertical expansion Green City Was a planned city Surrounded by waterways Problems

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Sri Lanka

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  1. Sri Lanka M Azath S Salley Deputy Mayor of Colombo Sri Lanka

  2. Basic Data

  3. Environment conditions in cities • Conditions are different depending on the location • Colombo • High Density population • Vertical expansion • Green City • Was a planned city • Surrounded by waterways • Problems • Solid Waste Management • Air Pollution • Water Pollution • Land Pollution • Sound Pollution

  4. Environment of the cities in the hills…….. • Kandy • A city in the hills • Man-made Lake Issues • Traffic Congestion • Air Pollution • High population density • Pollution of the Lake • Solid Waste disposal • No space for development • Nuwaraeliya • Tea Estates • Tourist destination • Issues • - Soil erosion, Solid waste management, unplanned constructions

  5. Anuradhapura Ancient Capital Well planned 2000 years ago Issues Unauthorised structures Environmental pollution Solid Waste Management Communicable Diseases Environment in the Ancient cities……….

  6. Cities on the shore-line • Galle • Hikkaduwa • Issues • Destruction of the cultural heritage • Pollution of the sea by oil spillage from boats • Unauthorised coral mining • Air pollution due to burning of coral • Sea erosion • Increased traffic

  7. Types of urban slums • Poor Settlements • Un-serviced Settlements • Upgraded Settlements • Fully Upgraded Settlements

  8. Action taken on creation of a National Policy on Improvement of Slums • Enactment of Ceiling on Housing Property Law-1979-Introduction of housing rights of urban poor • Establishment of Common Amenities Board-to improve basic amenities in slums • Establishment of UDA • Establishment of National Housing Development Authority

  9. Measures taken to Improve slums • Environment and community Development Projects in Colombo • UNICEF Assisted Urban Basic Services Project, 1984-1993 • Slum and Shanty improvement Programme of UDA, 1978-1984 • Hundred Thousand Houses and One million Houses Programme, 1978-1989 • Establishment of Real Estate Exchange Limited (REEL) Programme • Urban Renewal Programme of UDA/NHDA • Urban settlements Improvement Programme (USIP) • Allocation of funds to Councilors e.g. Colombo MC

  10. State of the Environment and New Initiatives in Colombo Azath Salley Deputy Mayor of Colombo Sri Lanka

  11. Colombo Municipal Council 138 Years Old

  12. Introduction to Colombo • Population-642,000 • Floating population-500,000 • 37.3 sq. km • Commercial & Port city • All leading establishments are situated • Administered by the Colombo Municipal Council

  13. State of the Environment • Rapid urbanisation • Unplanned and unauthorised constructions • Increased vehicular traffic • Air pollution • Pollution of waterways • Problems with Sanitation and Solid Waste Management

  14. The Under-serviced Area • 1614 poor settlements • On Government, Corporation, Municipal, Private Sector Lands. • > 50% of population (350,000) in 6% Land • Marginalized lands. • >300 settlements along the waterways

  15. Problems in slum areas Housing Security Water Sanitation Social Health Gender Drug abuse Schooling Food Sanitation

  16. Slums……Housing Mostly unauthorized Schemes, shanties Small space 1-2.2 perches More than one family (10-15 members) Poor ventilation Cooking in the same room

  17. ………Water Inadequate Polluted underground water Large numbers per point source Lack of Storage Facilities Wastage

  18. Sanitation No proper disposal Canal as a source  No proper toilets – high water table & ground conditions  Septic tank overflow  Not adequate to meet the demand  

  19. Social…… Stigma Conflicts- family, neighbours Unemployment

  20. Health Communicable diseases-Dengue Fever Nutritional problems-stunting 10% anaemic mothers Underweight children-40% Indoor air pollution Stress related diseases Alcoholism

  21. Gender • Women unemployed • Domestic violence • No organisation for women • Suicides • Underage marriages

  22. Drug Abuse Teenagers, youth Male-unemployed Labourers Surveys Rehabilitation Needs a sustainable effort

  23. Schooling Poor educational facilities Lack of certificates to prove residence Malnourished children Truancy Dropouts

  24. Food Sanitation Poor quality of food Poor preparation Inadequate facilities Inadequate supply of clean water Poor storage facilities Unauthorised eating houses-around 400

  25. Innovative action • Withdrawal of common taps to reduce Non Revenue Water • Improvement of sanitary facilities under the GTZ Project • Poverty Reduction Project of DFID/UNCHS • Green Star Home Project-Creation of Homes with a friendly outdoor environment • Green Settlements Project- to improve the environment in settlements lining the canals

  26. Innovative Action………. Improvement of Solid Waste Collection Distribution of Plastic Bins Low-cost sanitation projects for areas without sewerage facilities Women’s Development Capacity Building in Leadership Involvement in Economic Activities Thrift societies/loan schemes Prevention of Domestic Violence

  27. Recommendations Assistance to create an Environment Policy for Local Government Updating of Environment Profile Identifying Priorities Action Planning on Air Pollution Pollution of waterways Solid Waste & Waste Water Management Reducing sound pollution Upgrading of slum areas Removal of unauthorised structures

  28. Thank You

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