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FDR and the New Deal: Economic Reform and Relief Efforts

Explore FDR's background, his response to the bank crisis, the Hundred Days, and the New Deal programs that provided immediate relief and stimulated the economy. Learn about the National Recovery Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority, and the controversy surrounding some of these programs.

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FDR and the New Deal: Economic Reform and Relief Efforts

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  1. Section 12.1: The First New Deal (Appleby 422-431) Roosevelt and the New Deal (1933-1941)

  2. Agenda for Today • Collect HW • 12.1 • Presentations • Eleanor Roosevelt • Marian Anderson • Homework • Read 12.1 (422-427) and answer the 3 “Reading Check” questions on 423, 424, and 427

  3. What traits make a great president in a time of crisis? • Intelligence • Experience • Expertise • Compassion • Charisma • Which did Hoover lack? • What does this say about the role of the media?

  4. ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe FDR’s background in a short paragraph (Was he destined for greatness?) • What was the Hundred Days? • How did FDR deal with the Bank Crisis? • How did FDR give immediate relief to the needy? • How did the New Deal relief efforts help to stimulate the economy and modernize the nation? • How did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) try to increase productivity and workers? • How did the AAA try to help farmers and why were the results so controversial? • How did the TVA try to aid in long-term recovery? • How did FDR try to restore confidence in the stock market and banks? • How did FDR make people feel ‘connected’ to the White House?

  5. Who was FDR? • Sheltered childhood • Did not seem presidential • “nice but colorless” • Eleanor Roosevelt • Wife showed him settlement house & NY slums • “I didn’t know people lived like that!” FDR • VP candidate in 1920 • Stricken with polio in 1921 • Lost ability to walk • Life changing experience • Governor of NY • President from 1933-1945 (longest to ever serve)

  6. FDR Background

  7. Describe FDR’s Inauguration • March 4, 1933 • 3.5 years into the Depression • Americans lacked faith in country, capitalism • Outlined New Deal plan for economic recovery • “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”

  8. First Inaugural Address

  9. Eleanor Roosevelt Presentation(take notes on back of sheet)

  10. Marian Anderson Presentation

  11. What was the Hundred Days? • Term to describe 1st 3 months of FDR’s administration marked by rapid new legislation • March 9-June 16, 1933 • 15 new laws • Known as Alphabet Agencies • Over 100 created • Reflects idea that FDR was experimenter

  12. How did FDR deal with the Bank Crisis? • 38 state banks had closed • Americans stuffed the mattresses • Hoarded their money • FDR declared a ‘bank holiday’ from 3/5-3/9 • ‘sound’ (healthy) banks reopened • ‘unsound’ (unhealthy) opened after government aid arrived • Reassured public began to deposit $ back in bank and crisis was over

  13. 100 Days

  14. What was the New Deal? • FDR’s plan for economic reform • Numerous new laws & agencies addressed 3 Rs • Relief • Laws to give immediate help to unemployed • Recovery • Laws to stimulate the economy • Reform • laws to help prevent future economic disaster

  15. How did FDR give immediate relief to the needy? • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) • gave $500 million directly to relief agencies to give to unemployed • Critics said rapid distribution of funds may hurt in long run • Harry Hopkins • Dislike dole (government charity) • Thought it broke down self esteem • But said: • “People don’t eat in the long run—they have to eat every day.”

  16. How did the New Deal relief efforts help to stimulate the economy and modernize the nation? • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • 100, 000s (18-25 year olds) put to work on environmental projects (state, national parks) • Room/board + $30 per month • Public Works Administration (PWA) • Built schools, dams, sewage, highways, modernized nation • stimulated local economies

  17. What was the National Recovery Administration (NRA) & was it successful? • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • ‘asked’ business to set prices, quality • set maximum work hours, minimum wages • Allowed workers to form unions • Publicity campaign • Boycott businesses that do not display the Blue Eagle • Effect: • Hurt small companies • Difficult to meet strict standards (wage, prices) • Led to black (Under the table) markets • Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court

  18. New Deal Programs

  19. How did the AAA try to help farmers recover and why were the results so controversial? • Agricultural Adjustment Administration • subsidized farmers to reduce production • Use less land, less livestock • Purpose was to raise prices-- • Controversial • Tenant farmers kicked off land • 1933 farmland/newborn animals were destroyed to meet requirements

  20. How did the TVA try to aid in long-term recovery? • Appalachia = poorest region of US • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Built dams in Appalachian region • Educated farmers on fertilizer, land use • Results: • Generated electricity • Create ecosystems, lakes for tourism • Created jobs • Hoped to modernize Appalachia • Critics • Farmers who lost land • Businesses saw TVA as unfair competition • Government-owned public utilities viewed as socialism

  21. Play America, The Story of US Episode from 31:00-35 minutes

  22. How did FDR try to restore confidence in the stock market and banks? • Truth-in-Securities Act • said that co.s who deceived investors could be sued • Glass-Steagall Banking Act • Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • insured deposits (savings account) ($5 thousand) • Now $250 thousand • Prohibited banks from investing savings deposits in the unpredictable stock market • Repealed by Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999)

  23. How did FDR make people feel ‘connected’ to the White House? • Fireside Chats- • FDR’s frequent radio addresses that outlined his policies and reassured public • Held weekly press conferences and answered all questions • Eleanor Roosevelt • Symbol of Roosevelt’s empathy, energy to the downtrodden • Received hundreds of thousands of letters each year

  24. FDR and the Media

  25. Eleanor Roosevelt Presentation

  26. Conclusion • Was the New Deal a liberal or conservative program?

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