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The Hundred Years' War: Roots, Battles, and Consequences

Explore the series of conflicts between French and English royal families from 1337 to 1453 over control of land in France. Discover the dynastic struggles, pivotal battles, key figures like Joan of Arc, and the ultimate repercussions.

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The Hundred Years' War: Roots, Battles, and Consequences

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  1. The Hundred Years’ War

  2. What was it? • a series of wars between 2 royal families • (Valois x Anjou/ Plantagenet) • French x English • 1337 – 1453 • fight over the control of various pieces of land in France

  3. Location

  4. Where can we find the roots of this conflict? 1) 1066 – William the Conqueror (Norman Duke, a vassal of the French King) 2) Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine (12c) - got a big region in France - their sons: Richard the Lionheart John the Lackland (lost land) 3) 1328 – Charles IV (Valois) dies candidates: Philip VI (Valois) x Edward III 4) Flanders – a rich region under French control

  5. Dynastic conflict • 1328 – Charles IV (son of Philip IV) died wihout an heir there were 2 candidates – see the family tree struggle over the throne started (1337 Philip confiscates Aquitaine) Lex Salica

  6. Family tree (Valois)

  7. Flanders as a reson for conflict • industrial center of north-western Europe • extremely wealthy – cloth manufacture • imported fleece/ wool from England • England depended upon this trade exchange • France wanted to control the region (Flemish counts were vassals of the French king) • triangular trade • Battle of Sluys 1340 – English naval victory

  8. The War Breaks Out • Battle of Sluys 1340 • Battle of Crecy 1346 (John of Luxembourg) • Battle of Poitiers 1356 (French king captive) • Black Death, rebellions in both countries (1350s Jacquerie, 1381 Pasants' Revolt) • Battle of Agincourt 1415 (Treaty of Troyes, Henry V married Catherine – French princess and their son is crowned king of E. and F. (Charles VII – dauphin was disowned)

  9. Weapons and tactics • longbow (English/ Welsh longbow) • crossbow • pikes • swords, maces, etc. • heavy cavalry (France) • light infantry (England) • avoiding pitch battle (England) • use of terrain (England)

  10. Black Death • see separate presentation 

  11. Joan of Arc • she had a vision, God told her to go and tell the king • she led the French to victory • raising of the siege of Orleans • dauphin Charles crowned French king as Charles VII • 1431 – burned at stake • 1435 – end of civil war (Burgundians)

  12. Final phase of the war • English still held Aquitaine and Normandy • 1453 – Battle of Castillon • final victory of the French • England lost all its holdings in France • no treaty, just cease fire

  13. What were the results of the war? • study the last section of the text (6.3) and fill in the chart

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