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Causes of World War I: Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances

This sheet provides an overview of the factors leading up to World War I, including the growth of nationalism, competition for overseas empires, the arms race, and the building of alliances. It also highlights key events such as the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and the declarations of war. Additionally, it covers important aspects of the war, such as trench warfare and the use of new weapons.

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Causes of World War I: Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances

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  1. World War I 1914-18“The War to End All Wars” *Military History 2014

  2. *Causes of World War One sheet Factors leading up to World War IM.A.I.N. 1. Nationalism-pride in one’s country, national competition 2. Imperialism-major competition for overseas empires (disputed territories) 3. Growth of Militarism-European arms race, glorified military power/built up armies: Germany 8.5m, Russia 4.5m, France 3.5m, Austria/Hungary 3.5m, England had larger navy than all of the above countries *Today China has 2.2million-the only country over 1.5m 4. Alliances building up…see next slide-

  3. Factors leading up to World War IMAIN • 1. Nationalism-pride in one’s country, national competition • 2. Imperialism-major competition for overseas empires (disputed territories) • 3. Growth of Militarism-European arms race, glorified military power/built up armies: Germany 8.5m, Russia 4.5m, France 3.5m, Austria/Hungary 3.5m, England had larger navy than all of the above countries *Today China has 2.2m as only ctry over 1.5m, • 4. Alliances building up…see next slide-

  4. Triple Entente **Russia France **England (only agreed not to fight against them) Triple Alliance **Germany Austria/Hungary Italy* Factor #4 Alliances before the War *Central Powers *Allies

  5. PrincipGavrilo The Black Hand “The shot heard around the world” • Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by a Serbian in Bosnia---June 28, 1914 • Germany sides with Austria/Hungary* Blank Check • Austria/Hungary declares war* on Serbia (defended by Russia) • Russia places “defensive” forces along their border with Germany, so Germany declares war on Russia…and France *

  6. Time Line of Events • June 28- Archduke Ferdinand killed • July 23-Demands(10) sent to Serbia from Austria/Hungary • July 28-Austria/Hungary declares war on Serbia • August 1st –Germany declares war on Russia • August 3rd –Germany declares war on France • August 4th –Germany declares war on neutral Belgium, England declares war on Germany

  7. Schlieffen Plan: Germany would attack fast by going through neutral Belgium along the coast and defeat France swiftly, and then take on Russia in the East. Germany did NOT want to fight a war on two fronts! England declares war on Germany. Italy sides with the Allies. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml Western Front AniMap Weakness if flank is shortened, then race to outflank each other leads to the sea…

  8. Central Powers Germany Austria/Hungary Later: Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined to try and regain lost territories Allies England France Russia United States (1917) Italy* Japan(let them expand their Pacific Empire: Meiji Era) Alliances

  9. Submarine Warfare German U-Boats were sinking US ships killing many US citizens. Tensions were rising, but the US wanted to stay out of this war-Isolationism *Lusitania May 7, 1915 -Germany agrees to stop unrestricted submarine warfare…US remains neutral

  10. *U-boats could not dive very deep and could only stay under for several hours at a time

  11. The Zimmerman Note: the US intercepted a letter from Germany to Mexico. Germany would support Mexico in a future war against the US if Mexico supported Germany in WWI • *Zimmerman wks

  12. The Western Front(Border of France/Germany) Trench Warfare • Soldiers fought each other from dug out trenches • Would storm each other’s trenches • Very bloody and each side would gain very little land -advanced about one mile per month * http://www.history.com/videos/bet-you-didnt-know-trench-warfare#bet-you-didnt-know-trench-warfare Video

  13. Trench Conditions • Trenches were infested by rats and disease -dead bodies littered the ground • Food was scarce and sleep was almost impossible due to constant artillery blasts *Daily Schedule and %Time in the Trenches charts 2014 http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/z3kgjxs

  14. “No Man’s Land”

  15. Winter Truce-Video clip#1 3-6min, clip#2 2-11min w/more historical info Soccer Game Horrible Histories 2min clip

  16. Trench Warfare *Force Multipliers* New Weapons • Machine Guns: created huge # of casualties • Tanks: slow and hard to control • Poison Gases: painful and effective in trench warfare • Large Artillery: destruction of trenches, cities,... • Airplanes: recon, survey battlefield, dog fights WWI Firsts 2min clip http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/wwi-firsts

  17. Machine Gun: Caused Huge # of Casualties Discuss barrels getting overheated, how to overcome this? http://military.discovery.com/weapons-technology/videos/weaponology-rapid-fire-part-1.htm Weaponology Rapid Fire Part 1 5min clip

  18. Artillery

  19. German Zeppelin Attacks • The zeppelin as a weapon that could fly easily at night • It was virtually silent upon approach as natural wind currents carried it over the English Channel without use of the engines. • After releasing bombs, it could rise very quickly to a safe height and make its escape. • The only possible defense against the zeppelin was the airplane, but airplane flight was still new and very few British pilots had ever flown at night. British airplanes had no night-flying instruments, no illuminated dials and very little cockpit lighting and there were no lighted landing strips in Britain. Plus, the airplanes could not quickly attain great height compared to the speed of the zeppelin. By the time the British knew a zeppelin was there, it was too late to even chase it.

  20. Zeppelin Raids over Great Britain • Between 1915 and 1918 there were 208 German zeppelin raids over Great Britain. • Until the zeppelin raids of World War I, the British people had enjoyed a sense of security within the shores of their island home. Enemies could easily be seen approaching from the sea and the strength of the British navy was an effective deterrent. With air travel so new, the threat of an attack by air in the cover of darkness had never before been experienced. • How do you turn a zeppelin into a big fireball?

  21. Airplanes

  22. WWI Tanks Weapons of World War I video clip: 1st Tank Battle Clip 12-17min

  23. WWI Communications -Runners -Pigeons -Radio (connected by cable)

  24. Killer Flu of 1918 *30-40 million people died worldwide 675,000 Americans died from this outbreak-that’s more people than all US war deaths since 1900

  25. Battle of the Somme 1916 Battle of the Somme 1916 -Operational Plan: bombard with massive artillery attack over a week, then stop bombardment for a massive infantry ground assault on German fortified positions to overrun them. *We still do this today, what’s wrong with this tactic? Casualties-60,000 British by noon http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/videos#1916-battle-of-the-somme HistoryCh 2min clip http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwone_map_somme/index_embed.shtml Somme Animation BBC

  26. Trouble in Russia • Soviet Union not prepared for a war and are devastated on the battlefield, civilians suffer and oppose the war • Czar Nicholas II steps down • Lenin returns to Russia and leads Bolsheviks into power and quickly pulls out of the war after signing a treaty with Germany in 1918…then Civil War

  27. 1918 Things Change • Germany launches offensive to take France before Americans arrive • US troops arrive…2nd Battle of the Marne is the turning point in the war(summer 1918) • By November…German Navy mutinied, major loss at Meuse-Argonne, allies drop out and Kaiser steps down(11/9/1918) • Armistice signed 11/11/1918

  28. Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 • League of Nations Created • Germany takes sole responsibility • Germany loses land in Europe and all colonies • Germany owes $33 billion/over 30 years • Germany must have a limited military • Central Powers lost most of their land in other treaties • *NOT ratified by US, US not in League of Nations **Relate to current politics

  29. The Aftermath8.5 Million soldiers dead21 Million wounded *War devastated European economies, drained national treasuries, farmland homes &villages were destroyed, civilians starve &suffer greatly that first winter… *Europe is now weaker – U.S. takes a new position as a world power

  30. THE END

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