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Activity 7

Activity 7. The Phylogeny of Vertebrates. By what specific physical characteristic could we classify the following fruits into two groups?. Strawberry Apple Orange. Read the introduction. A character is a recognizable structure, function, or behavior of an organism.

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Activity 7

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  1. Activity 7 The Phylogeny of Vertebrates

  2. By what specific physical characteristic could we classify the following fruits into two groups? • Strawberry • Apple • Orange

  3. Read the introduction. • A character is a recognizable structure, function, or behavior of an organism. • A homologous character, or homology, is shared by taxa and their common ancestor.

  4. Shared derived characters are homologies shared by all populations of a single species or group of species descended from a common ancestor. • An evolutionary tree, or tree, is a branched diagram for classifying taxa that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships of taxa.

  5. Taxonomy

  6. Challenge • How do you test a tree hypothesis for a group of taxa?

  7. Vertebrate Forelimbs

  8. Procedure Step 3 • All of the taxa share a common ancestor that had forelimbs with similar structures. The taxa gradually evolved as certain features enabled them to take advantage of opportunities in their environment.

  9. Homology and Analogy

  10. Procedure

  11. Vertebrate Tree

  12. Vertebrate Tree

  13. Branched Tree

  14. Hypotheses for Vertebrate Phylogeny

  15. Return to Student Sheet 3.1, “Ideas about Evolution” • Add information from this activity or a previous activity to support whether any of the statements are correct or incorrect.

  16. Analysis 3 • Based on the tree you chose: • Which are more closely related to humans: birds or frogs? Support your answer with evidence. • Which are more distantly related to birds: humans or lampreys? Support your answer with evidence. • Which group shares a more recent common ancestor with whales: pigs or humans? Support your answer with evidence.

  17. Analysis 4 • Based on the portion of a tree shown below, what can you say about the relationship of taxa X to horses and humans?

  18. Revisit the Challenge • How do you test a tree hypothesis for a group of taxa?

  19. Key Vocabulary • character • clade • evidence • evolutionary tree • homologous character • homology • hypothesis • node • phylogenetics • shared derived character • taxa • taxon

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