Understanding the Periodic Table: Groups and Properties

1. How Do You Read The Periodic Table of the Elements?

2. Protons + Neutrons

3. Rows are called Periods The physical and chemical properties of elements in a row follow a repeating, or periodic, pattern as you move across the period.

4. Columns are called Groups Elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties. For this reason, a group is also called a family.

5. What is Group 1? • Group 1 =Alkalai Metals • Group contains -Metals • Electrons in outer level -1 • Reactivity? - Very Reactive • Other shared properties - softness; color of silver; shininess; low density

6. What is Group 2? • Group 2 = Alkalaline-Earth Metals • Group contains - Metals • Electrons in outer level - 2 • Reactivity? - Reactive, but not as much as Group 1 • Other shared properties - color of silver; higher densities than alkali metals

7. What are Groups 3 - 12? • Groups 3-12 = Transition Metals • Group contains - Metals • Electrons in outer level - 1 or 2 • Reactivity? - less reactive than group 2 metals • Other shared properties - shininess; good conductors of thermal energy and electric current; higher densities and melting points than elements in Groups 1 and 2 (except for mercury)

8. What are the Lanthanides & Actinides? • Transition metals from Periods 6 & 7 • Appear as two rows below the table • 1st row are the Lanthanides (named after Lanthanum #57) • 2nd row are Actinides (named after Actinium #89) • Placed here so that the Periodic table wouldn’t be so wide.

9. What is Group 13: Boron group? • Group 13 =Boron Group • Group contains -1 metalloid & 5 metals • Electrons in outer level -3 • Reactivity? - Reactive • Other shared properties - solids at room temperature

10. What is Group 14: Carbon group? • Group 14 = Carbon group • Group contains - 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids & 3 metals • Electrons in outer level - 4 • Reactivity? - varies among the elements • Other shared properties - solids at room temperature

11. What is Group 15: Nitrogen group? • Group 15 = Nitrogen group • Group contains - 2 nonmentals, 2 metalloids & 2 metals • Electrons in outer level - 5 • Reactivity? - varies among the elements • Other shared properties - solids at room temperature (except for Nitrogen - gas)

12. What is Group 16: Oxygen group? • Group 16 = Oxygen group • Group contains - 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid & 1 metal • Electrons in outer level - 6 • Reactivity? - varies among the elements • Other shared properties - all but Oxygen are solid at room temperature

13. What is Group 17: Halogens? • Group 17 = Halogens • Group contains - nonmetals • Electrons in outer level - 7 • Reactivity? - Very Reactive • Other shared properties - poor conductors of electric current, violent reactions with alkalai metals to form salts, never pure in nature

14. What is Group 18: Noble Gases? • Group 18 - Noble Gases • Group contains - nonmetals • Electrons in outer level - 8 • Reactivity? - unreactive • Other shared properties - colorless, oderless gases at room temperature

15. Why is Hydrogen all alone on the Periodic Table? • Electrons in outer level - 1 • Reactivity? - Reactive • Other properties - colorless, oderless gas at room temperature; low density; explosive reactions with oxygen • Properties do not match any other group

16. Next up - Unit 4 on Chemical Bonding!