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PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION. What is ATP?. ATP = A denosine T ri P hosphate Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates. Phosphate. Adenine. Ribose. Triphosphate. ADENOSINE. P. P. P. P. P. Why ATP?.

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION

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  1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION

  2. What is ATP? • ATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate • Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates Phosphate Adenine Ribose Triphosphate ADENOSINE

  3. P P P P P Why ATP? • Phosphates have a large amount of chemical energy. Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is broken, a large amount of usable cellular energy is released. P ADENOSINE ENERGY ADENOSINE

  4. ATP CYCLE • Occurs continuously in cells • About 10 million new ATP molecules are made in every cell every second!!! 2. Releasing EnergyEnergy released by breaking bonds – used to power cells • Stored EnergyEnergy stored in chemical bonds. 4. Making ATP Energy released by other chemical reactions and processes can be used to bond a phosphate to ADP to make ATP 3. Energy DepletedADP has less chemical energy than ATP ADP + P

  5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Series of complex chemical processes that convert light energy into carbohydrates • Overall Equation light + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2 • Occurs in Chloroplasts • Two types of reactions – Light Dependent Light Independent (aka. Calvin Cycle, Dark rxn)

  6. Photosynthesis Overview • Fill in the picture on the top left of notes as animation plays • http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/animations/0054.swf

  7. FOCUS On . . • Light dependent reaction Occurs in thylakoid membrane • Photolysis of H2O Light + 2H2O 4H+ + O2 • Make NADPH & ATP • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter10/animations.html#

  8. FOCUS On . . • Light Independent Reaction – CALVIN CYCLE Occurs in Stroma of Chloroplast • Use of CO2 to create Glucose (C6H12O6) • Use of ATP & NADPH from Light reactions • ATP for energy to power chemical reactions • NADPH – hydrogen source to add to CO2 to make sugars • Must cycle through 6 times in order to create one glucose molecule • http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/animations/0055.swf

  9. Falcon Five 10/20 – Test your photosynthetic knowledge: • The Calvin Cycle includesa. Light dependent rxns b. electron transport chain c. light independent rxns • The Calvin Cycle takes place in thea. mitochondria b. stroma c. nucleus d. thylakoid membrane • What product of the light dependent rxn is used in the Calvin Cyclea. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. NADPH d. chlorophyll • What is used in the first step of the Calvin Cyclea. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d. water • How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to form one glucose molecule?a. one b. six c. two d. three • Describe the two energy storing steps of photosynthesis.

  10. Cellular Respiration • Where does the Glucose (C6H12O6) & O2 from photosynthesis go? • Used by both plant & animal cells to create ATP!!! • Releases energy • Makes cell energy • Close to the reverse of photosynthesis ! Cellular Respiration Equation O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

  11. Cellular Respiration • 3 step process • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  12. 2 ATP 2 ADP Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS 4 ADP 4 ATP Glucose 2 - Pyruvate 2 - PGAL 2 NAD 2 NADH • Occurs in Cytoplasm of cell • Anaerobic process (no O2 required) • Net production of 2 ATP (make 4 but use 2) • Releases only 2% of chemical energy that is stored in Glucose

  13. Step 2: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle • Occurs in Mitochondria Matrix • Requires presence of O2 • 2 Pyruvate from Glycolysis transformed into Acetyl CoA & enters cycle • Net production of: • 2 ATP • 2 FADH • 6 NADH

  14. Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain • Remaining energy of glucose in electrons carried by NADH & FADH • NADH & FADH enter electron transport chain in mitochondria cristae • Produce 32 more ATP From Alteration of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA From Krebs Cycle

  15. Summary of Cellular Respiration CO2 In Cristae In Matrix H2O 32 2 2

  16. What if there is not enough or no O2 present? • Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast) Pyruvate + NADH → Ethanol + NAD + CO2 Used in baking, beer & wine production • Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvate + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD Strenuous exercise = can’t get all the O2 your cells need so use lactic acid fermentation = Sore muscles!!!

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