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Lymphatic system

Lymphatic system. A series of highways training centers & checkpoints for our immune cells. Parts. Transport (conduction) system Lymph Leukocytes Lymphatic vessels Production organs Lymph nodes Tonsils Spleen Thymus gland. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes). Functions. Fluid balance

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Lymphatic system

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  1. Lymphatic system A series of highways training centers & checkpoints for our immune cells

  2. Parts • Transport (conduction) system • Lymph • Leukocytes • Lymphatic vessels • Production organs • Lymph nodes • Tonsils • Spleen • Thymus gland

  3. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

  4. Functions • Fluid balance • Volume of blood not returned to veins (about 3L per day) = lymph • Contains H20, blood components & tissue cell components (gases, solutes, blood proteins, hormones). • Fat absorption • Lacteals absorb fats from small intestine • Defense • Microorganisms filtered from lymph by lymph nodes • Lymphocytes destroy invading microorganisms

  5. Anatomical overview

  6. Lymphatic organs • Tonsils • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Thymus • Other lymphatic tissues: lymphocyte & macrophage concentrations in connective tissues • Peyer’s patch in intestinal ET • Appendix lymphoid nodules

  7. Adenoid Tonsil Fig. 24-3 Thoracic duct, entering vein Lymph nodes Lymph node Right lymphatic duct, entering vein Masses of lymphocytes and macrophages Thymus Valve Thoracic duct Lymphatic vessel Blood capillary Tissue cells Interstitial fluid Spleen Appendix Bone marrow Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic capillary

  8. Tonsils • Form a protective ring around openings of nasal & oral cavities • Protect against pathogens, bugs, dirt, etc. • Lacrimal canal opens into pharynx

  9. Lymph nodes • Network of distributed defense checkpoints • Seed to almond-sized • Two functions: • Remove microorganisms & foreign substances via macrophages (filter 99% of antigens in lymph) • Macrophages hang out in sinuses • Activate immune system by stimulating lymphocyte proliferation

  10. Lymph node

  11. Spleen • Filters blood rather than lymph • Size of a clenched fist; just inferior to stomach • White pulp: lymphatic tissue surrounding internal arteries • Lymphocytes are stimulated • Red pulp: fibrous network of macrophages, RBCs and capillaries connected to veins • Macrophages eat worn out cells & invaders

  12. Spleen

  13. Thymus • Bilobed, sits atop the heart • Site of lymphocyte production and maturation • After maturation, lymphocytes enter blood stream and travel to other lymphatic tissues • Such as...

  14. Thymus

  15. Overview of System • conduction system • organs • What about lymphocytes? • NK cells • B cells • originate and mature in red marrow • T cells • pre-T cells originate in red marrow • Migrate to, and mature in, thymus (into T-cells) • Allmature cellsmigrate to and populate other lymphatic tissues

  16. Bone marrow Stem cell Thymus Via blood Immature lymphocytes Antigen receptor Antigen receptor B cell T cell Via blood Lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphatic organs Final maturation of B and T cells in lymphatic organ Cell Development • Red marrow produces: • Pre B-cells: released into bloodstream • migrate to lymph organs • Pre T-cells: migrate to thymus & mature there • Mature T-cells migrate to lymph organs

  17. Immunity • Innate (nonspecific): response to attack is always the same • Mechanical mechanisms • Chemical mediators • Cellular response • Inflammatory response • Adaptive:response to attack improves with each exposure • Specificity • Memory

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