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DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS. I. DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS. A. Introduction. When we gather case histories…. Medlineplus.gov 2018**. Almost 1 of every 10 infants born in the U.S. is premature A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks. Preemie = baby born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.

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DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

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  1. DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

  2. I. DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS • A. Introduction

  3. When we gather case histories…

  4. Medlineplus.gov 2018** • Almost 1 of every 10 infants born in the U.S. is premature • A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks. Preemie = baby born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.

  5. Fogle, 2019—potential problems with preemies:

  6. Gleason & Ratner (2017). Language development (9th ed.)

  7. II. INFANT SPEECH PRODUCTION • Youtube • Baby cooing • (by Lamialockheart) • (the video actually shows • the phonation stage)

  8. ** • This early stimulation is necessary because speech sounds originate at the laryngeal level • However, noncrying sounds are much more important in the development of speech

  9. These sounds are usually produced** during feeding or in response to caregivers

  10. Infraphonological Stage 1

  11. Infraphonological Stage 2** • Primitive articulation 1-4 months • Goo and coo happen (vocalizations produced at back of oral cavity)

  12. Infraphonological Stage 3

  13. Universal stages of language acquisition -- Vocal play • Youtube—4 month old baby

  14. Infraphonological stage 4

  15. Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 2017:** (not on test) • 12 consonants account for 95% of babies’ productions: • /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, w, j, s, h/

  16. Youtube talking twin babies (reduplicated babbling) • Universal stages of language acquisition -- Variegated babbling • Laura McGarrity

  17. III. INTEGRATIVE STAGE** • Onset of speech; may last till 18 mos. old, include first true words • Jargon: meaningful words combined with nonmeaningful babbled sounds • Gibberish: Sequenced but nonmeaningful syllables produced with adult-like prosody

  18. IV. TRANSITION PERIOD: PROTOWORDS Adult speech babbling protowords

  19. Protowords are** • Vocalizations consistently produced under specified stimulus conditions • Not based on recognizable adult models • Not true words

  20. V. FIRST REAL WORDS: MEANINGFUL SPEECH** • 1. Stable—consistently produced • 2. Used in a particular stimulus context • 3. Must resemble the adult form • 4. predictable consequence (e.g., adult reaction)

  21. Youtube example of real words • 15 month old baby girl answers Mama's questions

  22. VI. SOUND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT** • A. Single Phonemes • Age of development: 50% of children produce sound accurately • Age of mastery: 75-90% of children produce sound accurately:

  23. Mastery--I am very interested in this info for test 1  (p. 168)

  24. The next slide is just for your information…** • You are not responsible for it on the test • It’s in your Simply Brilliant book 

  25. Cross-Sectional Study Example: Great for Parents!!!

  26. B. Consonant Clusters** • Information is contradictory • Please know the bullet-pointed list of conclusions on p. 164

  27. Consonant clusters

  28. C. Vowels

  29. VII. COMMON ERRORS • A. Liquids • B. Nasals

  30. C. Alveolar and Palatal Fricatives and Affricates

  31. D. Glides

  32. E. Labial and Dental Fricatives

  33. F. Stops

  34. G. Consonant Clusters** • Obstruents: stops, fricatives, affricates (everything except glides, liquids, and nasals) • ***usually clusters are reduced to the obstruent*** • Obstruent + /w/ clusters reduced to the obstruent • tɪn/twɪn kæk/kwæk • Obstruent + /l/ clusters reduced to the obstruent • fiŋ/fliŋ gæd/glæd

  35. In consonant clusters…

  36. Obstruent + /r/ clusters ↓ to obstruent** • taɪ/traɪ kik/krik • Clusters with /s/ + consonant ↓ to /w/, nasal, or stop component of the cluster • tap/stap pɪt/spɪt nɪf/snɪf • Three-member clusters (e.g., squirrel) usually ↓ to stop • piŋ/spriŋ kɜ:ʳl/skwɜ:ʳl

  37. VIII. INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH

  38. Hilarious youtube video • 5 year old tries to have a conversation with Siri • Do you hear any speech sound errors?

  39. (please memo for test; p. 175)

  40. IX. TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT: PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES** • Researchers have boiled this down to processes disappearing and persisting after 3 years of age • This helps us know what to treat in therapy and what not to worry about

  41. A. Processes Disappearing by 3 yrs.

  42. B. Processes Persisting After 3 yrs.

  43. Processes persisting after 3 (cont.)

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