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The Spread of Islam

The Spread of Islam. World History Ms. Costas. An Age of Conquests. Caliph : successor to Muhammad Abu Bakr : the first caliph to Islam after Muhammad’s death After Muhammad’s death many Arab tribal leaders withdrew their loyalty to Islam

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The Spread of Islam

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  1. The Spread of Islam World History Ms. Costas

  2. An Age of Conquests • Caliph: successor to Muhammad • Abu Bakr: the first caliph to Islam after Muhammad’s death • After Muhammad’s death many Arab tribal leaders withdrew their loyalty to Islam • Abu Bakr successfully reunited the Arabs based on their beliefs in Islam • After reuniting the Arabs had a series of military conquests

  3. Spread of Islam • Under the first four caliphs, Arab armies marched from victory to victory • Eventually Muslim armies would take over: • Much of the Byzantine Empire • Parts of Europe • Northern Africa • Parts of the Persian Empire

  4. Treatment of Conquered People • Muslim leaders imposed a special tax against non-Muslims • Allowed Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians to practice their own faiths and follow their own laws • Many non-Muslims eventually converted to Islam

  5. Movements within Islam • After Muhammad’s death there were divisions within Islam • Sunni: • Felt caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community • Shi’ites: • Argued that descendants of the Prophet were divinely inspired and should be the only successors • Battle of Power: • Sunni and Shi’ites battled for control and leadership • Similar belief systems, but many differences in law, religious practice and daily life • 90% of Muslims are Sunni • Sufi: • A third movement within Islam. Spread Islam through missionary work

  6. Umayyads • Dynasty that ruled Islamic world until 750 • Capital located in Damascus, Syria • Non-Muslims hated the Umayyads because they had less power than Muslims

  7. Abbassids • Led by Abu al-Abbas • Defeated the Umayyads family and ended the empire • Soon after defeating the Umayyad family, invited remaining family members to a banquet and killed them all • Moved capital to Baghdad, Iraq • Baghdad reached its peak under the rule of Harun al-Rashid (786-809) • Rashid was admired as a model ruler

  8. Decline • Abbassid control fragmented starting in 850 • Civil wars erupted • Between 900 and 1400, a series of invasions added to the chaos • 900s: Seljuk Turks invaded • 1099: Crusaders: Christian invaders captured Jerusalem • 1300s: Mongols: Timur the Lame: Invaded and conquered both Muslim and non-Muslim lands

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