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Propaganda

Propaganda. Institute of Propaganda Analysis . “An expression of opinion or action by individuals or groups, deliberately designed to influence opinions or actions of other individuals or groups with reference to predetermined ends” . What it really means….

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Propaganda

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  1. Propaganda

  2. Institute of Propaganda Analysis • “An expression of opinion or action by individuals or groups, deliberately designed to influence opinions or actions of other individuals or groups with reference to predetermined ends”

  3. What it really means… • If you and I have an opinion and express it with intent to influence some individual or group, we are, to that extent, propagandists!

  4. Why are we “fooled” by it? • It appeals to our EMOTION rather than our REASON… our hearts, not our heads… • It makes us believe or do something we might not believe or do if we thought about it calmly or dispassionately • We are sometimes too lazy to think for ourselves! • It ties us to think a certain way about nations, races, religions, ideals, economic / political policies…

  5. # 1: Name Calling • Used to make us form a judgment without examining evidence on which it should be based; it appeals to our hate and fear. • Gives “bad names” to individuals, groups, nations, races, policies, practices, beliefs, and ideals to condemn and reject • EX: royalist, Tory, Red, dictator

  6. #2: Glittering Generalities • The propagandist identifies his program with VIRTUE by use of “virtue words” – appealing to our emotions of love, generosity and brotherhood. • Makes us accept and approve without examining the evidence • Shining ideals – all good people will believe in them! • EX: truth, freedom, honor, progress, democracy…

  7. #3: Transfer • The propagandist carries over the authority, sanction, and prestige of something we respect and revere to something he would have us accept. • Relies heavily on symbols… • EX: Uncle Sam / budget • EX: the cross, the flag, etc.

  8. #4: the Testimonial • “Follow the leader” • Endorsements from prominent people or celebrities • Henry Ford: Cars…. yes! Toothpaste… no!

  9. #5: the Plain Folks • Used by politicians, labor leaders, business men, and even ministers and educators to win our confidence by appearing to be common people like ourselves… • EX: Politicians – pictures with kids

  10. #6: Card Stacking • Employed by the propagandist when he tells us only part of the truth • Uses under / over emphasis • Uses “red herrings” – (diverting attention away from the item of significance) • EX: Business, average 5 years experience, but only 5 people, one has 25 years experience, the other 4 are all brand new.

  11. # 7: Band Wagon • Follow the crowd • En masse • “Everybody’s doing it!” • Lincoln: “You can fool all of the people some of the time….” • Nobody wants to be the odd man out!

  12. EMOTION • Without our emotion, propagandists would be helpless… harnessing it can make us glow with pride or burn with hate… • So – be rational! Use our brains (reason)!

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