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Drugs used in the treatment of affective disorders. Dr. Vidumini De Silva. Disorders of the mood. Depression Mania Manic depressive psychosis. Depression and anti depressanats. monoamine hypothesis
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Drugs used in the treatment of affective disorders Dr. Vidumini De Silva
Disorders of the mood • Depression • Mania • Manic depressive psychosis
Depression and anti depressanats • monoamine hypothesis • endogenous depression is due to deficiency of CNS noradrenergic or serotonergic activity or transmission • drugs used in depression elevates the level of these
Antidepressanats • Tricyclic antidepressants • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors(MAO) • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRI) • SSNRI
Tricyclic antidepressanats • Inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline and 5 hydroxytryptamine in brain. • Take a week or more to show there antidepressant effect • Have anticholinergic and anti histaminic effects. • Best given one daily oral dose at night • treatment is usually started with a small dose at night and increased at 2 weekly intervals.
Indications for use • Depression • Neuralgias • Nocturnal enuresis in children • Irritable bowel syndrome • Some forms of headache
Adverse effects • Dry mouth,blurring of vision,constipation and difficulty in micturition • CVS effects tachycardia. Arhythmias • May precipitate epilepsy • confusion in the elderly
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors • MAO is one of the two main enzymes involved in the metabolism of 5HT and catecholamines • in depression not responding to other medication
SSRI’s • Less side effects compared to Tricyclics and MAO inhibitors specially anticholinergic effects • Doesn’t offer greater efficacy than TCA in depression • eg Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Citalopram, Sertraline
SSRI • Used in Depression, Panic disorders, Bulimia nervosa, Obsessive compulsive disorder and social phobias. • Venlafaxine is a SSNRI used in depression and anxiety disorder
Side Effects • Gastrointestinal side effects are common Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea Constipation Abdominal pain
Venlafaxine • SSNRI • Less sedating • Less anticholinergic effects • Should be used with caution in IHD and hypertension
Drugs used in manic depressive psychoses • Lithium • Carbamazepine • Sodium valproate
Lithium • Effective in the prophylaxis of manic depressive psychoses,unipolar depression and treatment of acute mania • Well absorbed from the gut and eliminated unchanged in urine • Has a narrow therapeutic index. • Needs the monitoring of plasma concentrations. Toxicity is common if levels >1.5mmol/l • CNS side effects like tremor ,giddiness and ataxia may be the early features of toxicity.
Carbamazepine • Used in the prophylaxis of manic depressive psychoses • Used In patients who cannot tolerate lithium or who do not respond to lithium