Presenting your Research

1. Presenting your Research Dr. CHLOE JOYNT Dr. SARAH CURTIS cjoynt@ualberta.ca scurtis@ualberta.ca WCHRI Lunch and Learn 2014

2. Today we will go over… • What to remember when designing • What to remember when presenting • Oral presentation • Oral Critique ( Interactive Exercise) • Poster presentation and Interactive Exercise

3. Presenting …make it matter • You worked really hard for these results! • What main results do you want to emphasize • What’s the one or two points you want them to remember • Why should they care? • How is it relevant to your audience - Story? • How will YOU reach them • Engage / incite/ educate/ entertain Tell them what you’re going to tell them…. Tell them ….. Tell them what you told them

4. Earn their enthusiasm and trust • Good research can be presented badly - or well • However, you are not selling lawn furniture • You are engaging thoughts...Don’t be too technical or flashy • Genuine Enthusiasm is contagious – spark their enthusiasm • Critical/ thoughtful appraisal of your work and related work will earn trust of audience • Know your stuff (literature) and your slides/poster

5. Getting Started… • Before you start THINK about • Your Audience • Creating your slides or poster • How you communicate your findings • What questions you will anticipate • How can they get a hold of me later? • Anticipate what could go wrong?

6. Do your background checks • How Long Do you Have? • Instructions for Presentation (declaration/subsections) • Who is your audience? • Specialized / General • Moderators • Judged • PubMED your moderators/ judges • people ask questions on things they know • Dress to respect your audience • Facilities and A/V Connections

7. The Oral Research Presentation

8. Your Slides • Use powerpoint/ prezie/keynote .. Be familiar • You control the slide.... Not visa versa • Make a PDF Version as a back up • NO sound effects • NO crazy fade in/ blinky blinky • “Transparency” can be helpful to emphasize the slide and not too distracting • Use headings and transitions • (oral/text/pics)

9. Your Slides • Use headings and transitions • Minimize Amount of Text but need main points • People need to read and LISTEN to you • Pictures are worth more than words • Don’t use graphics/ scanned results no one can read • Ie “I know this is hard to see but....”

10. Catecholamines Ca2+ Ca Channel Adenylyl Cyclase Gs Gs α -AR β -AR AMP cAMP ATP PDE Troponin complex X PKA PKA cAMP PKA PLAMB Milrinone PDE X SR Inotropy Ca2+ AMP Lusitropy This is scary…..

11. Catecholamines Ca2+ Ca Channel Adenylyl Cyclase Gs Gs α -AR β -AR AMP cAMP ATP PDE Troponin complex X PKA PKA cAMP PKA PLAMB Milrinone PDE X SR Inotropy Ca2+ AMP Lusitropy Maybe not so bad…

12. Your Slides • White/ Black background is jarring for eyes • Use High Contrast writing and slides • Use 20-24 point (at least) • Use Serif Fonts – “feet” create eyesight line • Minimize ALL CAPS – use for rare emphasis • No Mach 3 Slides - comfort /conversation pace

13. Talking the Talk (Poster or Oral) • Voice and tone - MAKE IT CLEAR • Talk WITH/TO your audience not AT your audience • Not too fast SLOW DOWN – conversation • Avoid monotone - controlled genuine enthusiasm • Avoid Um, Uh.... Silent pause is better • A Tasteful Joke or two is OK • Eye contact • Look up > slides or paper • Pick a few interested/ known people to “talk with”

14. Talking the Talk (Poster or Oral) • Start on time, finish on time • Practice Practice Practice ...then relax • Use clear, accurate descriptions • Get honest feedback • Mirror – Practice with a stopwatch • If nervous or English is not your first language • Write out your presentation and read SLOWLY - memorize • Have notes on Powerpoint/ etc (presenter view) • Practice with English speaker • Let your graphs/pictures do the work

15. Gestures and Pointer • Gestures • Oak without roots NOT a tumbleweed • Straight up but move occasionally • Hands out of pockets, change out of pockets • If have a pocket mic – avoid dress without pocket – pager rule • The pointer • Pointer to highlight ..not a light saber • Bring water • Bring a watch/phone clock

16. Presentation Organization • Now you are psyched up/ informed/organized • Need to organize your research into a logical presentation • Confirm Meeting Expectations • Organized talk implies organized, respectable research

17. The Oral Presentation • Title Slide • Declaration/ Conflict of Interest (if needed) • Background • Relevance / Clinical / NICU application • Research Question (Hypothesis) • Study Design • Results • Conclusions/ Summary • Limitations/ Future Presentation • Acknowledgments/ Funding • Back up Slides

18. If you have 9-10 minutes • Does that include question period? • Title/Introduction/Question should be 2-3 minutes • Methods and Results – 5-6 minutes • Conclusion/Further Directions 1-2 minutes • Number of Slides • How clearly you speak • How quickly you speak • Content of slides

19. Title Slide • Large, “Easy to Read” Title - Informative • Names of all Authors • Affiliations, Positions, Institutions • Event and Date • +/- Granting Agencies (begin or end) • First Impression - Something a little “exciting” • Tailor for the audience • Thank the Chair/audience for opportunity to present • Introduce yourself, institution and your Title

20. Comparing the Hemodynamic Effects of Milrinone, Epinephrine and Dobutamine in a Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia-ReoxygenationJoynt CA*, Bigam D#, Cheung PY*.Departments of Pediatrics* and Surgery#, University of Alberta Canadian Paediatric Society 84th Annual Conference June 28, 2007

21. Jaime Blackwood PGY 5 PICU Fellow Dr Jon Duff Dr Terry Klassen Dr Chloe Joynt Does teaching Crisis Resource Management skills improve resuscitation performance and retention in pediatric residents?

22. Declaration Slide • Check to see if required by the audience/ conference • Any “competing interests” • Ties to industry • Also note that you may need permission to reproduce other’s graphs and to display photos

23. Background – ZOOMING IN • Start: General Description of the Important Principle • Focus in on your area of research for that principle • why your research bears importance in grand scheme of things • Let’s audience know the scientific borders of your research • Summarize BRIEFLY work done in area • Illustrates work is relevant • Demonstrates a hole in the literature that you are trying to fill • Give credit where it is due – know the studies you quote

24. Relevance or Application • Transition to Hypothesis or Research Question • Tell a FOCUSED story (no more than 20-30 sec) • Useful if it has basis in truth • Tie it to clinical or interesting applicability • Demonstrate one important message – Your Question • Lack of research or resource you are going to provide • Bench to bedside • Clinical Query

25. Hanging out before rounds

26. Research Question and Hypothesis • State it simply • One Slide for Question • One slide for Hypothesis (if needed) • Don’t try to validate your hypothesis in gory detail at this point ..that is what the rest of your presentation is for

27. Clinical Question Can milrinone treat a stunned heart, increased vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension found in an asphyxiated newborn… better/worse than epinephrine or dobutamine?

28. Primary Research Question/(can change easily to Hypothesis) In a swine model of neonatal asphyxia-reoxygenation will… Epinephrine, dobutamine, and milrinone • Increase cardiac output • Increase systemic oxygen delivery • Have vasopressor effects with epinephrine & dobutamine • Have Less PHT aggravation with dobutamine and milrinone Due to vasodilatory properties, will milrinone- • Decrease vascular resistance • Increase regional flow and oxygen delivery

29. Study Design • Detail is dependant on audience • Keep it simple but informative • In your head but not necessarily on a slide • Know how all the tests/procedures / process were done • Know limitations of study design/methodology • Simple, animated pictures with some text is easiest • Talk around them • Highlight (not light saber) important points of picture • Dont gross out your audience with pics or “descriptive” words • Don’t belabour this... “RESULTS” is what people want

30. Anesthesia and Instrumentation and Stabilize Hypoxia – FiO2 0.08-0.15 (2h) Reoxygenation – 100% (1h), 21% (3h) Normal Saline infusion Epinephrine 0.5 mcg/kg/min Dobutamine 20 mcg/kg/min Milrinone 0.75 mcg/kg/min 2h Study Design – MED Trial SHAM CONTROL EPINEPHRINE DOBUTAMINE MILRINONE 6 6 6 6

31. Results • Work through your results on piece at a time • Summarize results of “section/question” before next results • Don’t show “not relevant” results • Leading them to your final conclusion • You know the lingo and cerebral shortcut of your research area and work ..... The audience does not • No shop talk • Clear explanation of what you are showing them • Discuss YOUR results...don’t speculate or deviate

32. Pictures and Graphs • Worth multiple pages of text • Make it large, easy to see colors, SIMPLE • Consistency – use same colors for same groups as you go through graphs/charts • If using same figure multiple times – multiple slides/highlight • Don’t flip back and forth in presentation • Remove information from figure not relevant to presentation

33. Graphs- Pictures- Charts • Orientate the audience – explain what’s measured, groups, axis • Well LARGE labelled axis or categories • Summarize the main point of the graph – simple steps not exquisite detail - verbal or written • They can SEE the detail... They HEAR the main point

34. end of hypoxia Treatment 100% 02 21% 02 Hypoxia * P< 0.05 M,E, D increased cardiac index vs control – ANOVA

35. * Milrinone decreases SVRI compared to control * p <0.09

36. Stats • Understand the stats that you used • In case of questions • Interpret the data correctly • Highlight significant finds • Define significance • Talk or show to statistician/ supervisor before presenting

37. Summary and Conclusion • Brief, concrete and to the point • Simply state a concise major conclusion • Decisive • Keep less than three major points • Should be derived from the data SHOWN • Should directly address your previously stated research question • CHECK back against your RESEARCH QUESTION SLIDE • Zoom out • Remind audience of how your research relates to a greater area

38. Limitations • Demonstrate you know the scope of applicability • Demonstrates situations were your work is valid • (or may not be) • Demonstrates insight and honesty • Earns respect of audience • Decreases number of questions • If “Limitations” not part of the suggested format – “back up slides”

39. Future Directions • Where and why this can this be looked at further • Demonstrate you can think of the next step • May interest others to join you or contribute suggestions to better your research • Decreases number of questions • If not part of the suggested format – “back up slides”

40. Acknowledgements • List of names and granting agencies = BORING so use…. • Pictures – you can generalize • Lab staff or colleagues • Granting agencies that made this work possible • Thank your supervisor(s)

41. Thank you DR. BIGAM DR. CHEUNG CORINNE JUDI Dennis and Elle Zak, Mohammed, Grace

42. Thanks/Invite Questions • Opportunity for one last impact picture • Thank the audience for their time/attention • Invite Questions • Don’t step on moderator toes if there is one

43. Why we do all this stuff…. Questions

44. Answering Questions • +/- moderator • Repeat or summarize the question • Audience can hear, clarify question for yourself, time to think • Politely interrupt the “expert”/ don’t pick a fight • “May I clarify... Are you asking...” • “Perhaps we can agree to disagree on this point- discuss later” • Break up the “2 part” question • Answer the question concisely, politely with grace • Acknowledge a good question or thought • Admit graciously if you don’t know – “interesting concept”

45. “Back Up Slides- Example Topics” • Anticipate Questions you will receive • Know your audience • Mechanism of drugs • Unshown related data • Quoted studies - summary • Applicability to medicine • Relevance of technique or model used • Limitations/future directions

46. In summary • Do your homework/ read instructions/ be prepared • Practice and speak slowly • Plan it out ahead • What is your main point • How will you get the audience to your point • Keep things simple and relevant • Be enthusiastic, polite and knowledgeable

47. Thank you!! Questions

48. Now that you are experts… Let’s Practice…. Please evaluate the following Speaker ……….

49. Producing an Academic Poster

50. An Effective Poster: • Visual logic • Graphical • The message – title, headings and graphics • Relative importance of elements graphically