Tree-crop-livestock intensification

1. Tree-crop-livestock intensification Group 3 Dr. TsegayeBekele Dr. YitebetuMoges Adanekassa GebruJember TesfayAlemeseged BayleyegnAzene Dr. AssefaTa’a EneyewAdgo SisayNune

2. Interventions/post-plantation • Policy or creating synergy • Research and development priorities • Extension and advocacy • Capacity building • Partnership and networking • Gender • etc

3. Interventions/post-plantation Tree planting campaign Current status • Campaign shows government commitment and awareness creation among the public • Huge number of seedlings (millions and billions) planted • Recent move-50% trees for animal feed-----how to integrate it with research not yet known.----planted but survival of it is not known • Model woreda where this campaign gave result is not seen • Pockets of success stories exist, but networking and partnership as an instrument for scaling up not utilized • There is commitment (individually) • Agroforestry successful in homesteads (grazing regime)

4. Interventions/post-plantation • Current status • One size fits all approach… • appropriate technology selection not exercised (e.g., species selection for right agro-ecology, right management not followed) • Not so much focus on research as support-science-policy interface • 10% for trees does not work in SNNP (high population-small land holding-flexibility

5. Interventions/post-plantation Gaps • No clearly defined ownership (for planting area, management responsibility)-No follow-up (no protection and silvicultural practices) • No clearly defined purpose of planting (target) • Seed source is not known • Extension and advocacy is not well done. Only on a seasonal basis-not done in organized manner

6. Interventions/post-plantation • DAs don’t get adequate knowledge and skills (training and access to information)-knowledge base at lower levels on NRM is low • Planting practice not based on required skills • (Harmonization on regions) • Networking and partnership as an instrument for scaling up not utilized • Land use policy exists, but directives and regulatory instruments don’t exist at lower levels • Gender integration/mainstreaming is lacking

7. Interventions/post-plantation • Regulatory gaps vs. ownership • Camels passing on individual household properties ..how to integrate • ‘Tragedy of commons’ on communal lands (every body uses the resource but no body cares for it. • On planting- Orientation of practices is lacking…could be planted upside down • Numbers planted are huge’..planted , survival not known (no monitoring and evaluation mechanism) • The idea of area closure for this intervention is important for success • Implementation of land use planning is very important

8. Interventions/post-plantation Suggestions • Clearly defining ownership (private/communal-shareholder approach) • Technology packages or selected based on proven scientific evidence • Flexibility in adapting policies for different farming systems-e.g., allocating 10% of land to be allocated for tree planting in SNNPR failed • Capacity development to implementers (DAs) • Strong linkages between research and extension is important

9. Interventions/post-plantation Suggestions • Partnership (between NGOS and government) and networking is weak but needs strengthening (platform)- technology selection and for scaling up activities • Dialogue and consensus on grazing management at all levels • Directives of regulatory activities (hilltops untouched, middle part for forestry/agroforestry, valley bottom for crop farming-lessons from Thailand-landscape mgmt) • Monitoring and evaluation as a learning mechanisms • Community empowerment on decision making and implementation skills

10. Niches • Directives of regulatory activities (hilltops untouched, middle part for forestry/agroforestry, valley bottom for crop farming-lessons from Thailand-landscape mgmt) • Remains to be discussed further.