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BLOOD BASICS

BLOOD BASICS. Forensic Science & Blood Typing. T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net /. What makes up our blood?. RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) –most abundant cells in our blood; produced in the bone marrow and contain hemoglobin, a protein, that carries oxygen to our cells .

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BLOOD BASICS

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  1. BLOOD BASICS Forensic Science & Blood Typing T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

  2. What makes up our blood? • RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) –most abundant cells in our blood; produced in the bone marrow and contain hemoglobin, a protein, that carries oxygen to our cells. • WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes)– are part of the immune system and destroy pathogens. • PLASMA –yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection. • PLATELETS (Thrombocytes)–clotting factors that are carried in the plasma; they clot together in coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.

  3. Blood Facts • The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside of their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight. • There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are about 40 platelets and one white cell. http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html

  4. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm What are blood types? Blood Types AA or AO = Type ABB or BO = Type BOO = Type OAB = Type AB

  5. Average Percents… • Type O: 46% • Type A: 40% • Type B: 10% • Type AB: 4%

  6. DOMINANT RECESSIVE

  7. Rh Factors Rhesusmonkeys • Discovered a certain blood protein that is also present in the blood of some people. • The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. • If your blood does contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). A+ A-B+ B-AB+ AB-O+ O- http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html

  8. Rh FACTOR and PREGNANCY • Based on whether it has a antigen (protein) D • Rh-people develop antibodies to the Rh antigen if they are exposed toRh+ blood • Rh+ father, Rh-negative woman can = Rh+ fetus • 1st pregnancy: No problem…mix @ birth… • 2nd pregnancy: ab’s pass through and attack fetus’ RBCs • This can be prevented with RhoGAM

  9. Blood Transfusions O A B AB Rh +  Can receive + /- Rh -  Can only receive - Universal Donor Universal Recipient

  10. BLOOD TYPING-sera

  11. Blood Evidence • Blood samples –analyzed to determine blood type and DNA, which can be matched to possible suspects. • Blood droplets –analyzed to give clues to the location of a crime, movement of a victim, and type of weapon. • Blood spatter –analyzed to determine patterns that give investigators clues to how a crime mighthave happened.

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