2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Four River (All Ages)

1. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Four River (All Ages)

2. Let’s Talk… About the Role of Schools In Preventing Suicide Among Students

3. Lisa Huddleston Principal LCMS Lisa.huddleston@livingston.kyschools.us 270-839-1827 or 270-988-3263 Introductions

4. Targets: • I can identify risk factors. • I can identify warning signs. • I can identify, prioritize, & implement protective factors. • I can refer and follow up with students who exhibit concerning behaviors. • I can refer to resources on the web and will complete self-study. What’s In It For Me?

5. Agenda • Suicide Statistics • Current Laws Affecting Kentucky Schools • Identifying at Risk Students • Early Identification, Referral, & Follow-Up • Putting it all together • Closure

6. Four Rivers Slides

7. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Four River (All Ages)

8. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Four River (All Ages)

9. Pennyrile Slides Livingston is part of Pennyroyal Stats

10. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Pennyroyal (All Ages)

11. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Pennyroyal (All Ages)

12. Violent Deaths Worldwide Suicide ? Homicide Armed Conflict

13. Violent Deaths Worldwide

14. There were 38,364 deaths by suicide in the year 2010… … That’s 105.1 suicides each day …

15. Trends among High School students by gender in the United States from 1991–2009

16. Suicide Rates Among Persons Ages 10 Years and Older, by Gender, United States, 1991–2010

17. In Kentucky… • Kentucky has the 21st Highest Suicide completion rate in the nation. • Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death for 10-14 year olds. • Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death for 15-34 year olds. • Suicide is the 4th leading cause of death for 35-54 year olds.

18. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Kentucky (All Ages)

19. 2007-2011 Suicide Completions in Kentucky (Ages <20)

20. 2010 Suicide Completions in YOUR REGION (All Ages) Refer to Supplemental Slides

21. 2010 Suicide Completions in YOUR REGION (All Ages) Refer to Supplemental Slides

22. School Laws in the US Alaska, Kentucky, Louisiana, and Tennessee are the only four states who mandate annual 2-hour suicide prevention training for school personnel. Alaskarequires 2 hours of training each year for teachers, administrators, counselors, and specialists who provide services to students in grades 7-12. Kentuckyrequires 2 hours of “self-study review of suicide prevention materials” each year for high school and middle school principals, guidance counselors, and teachers. Louisianarequires 2 hours of in-service training each year for teachers, school counselors, principals, and other administrators “for whom such training is deemed beneficial”. Tennesseerequires 2 hours of in-service training each year for teachers and principals.

23. Senate Bill 65 Suicide Prevention Education for Middle and High School Staff Signed by Governor April 13, 2010http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10RS/SB65.htm Amends KRS 158.070 to require all high school and middle school principals, guidance counselors and teachers to complete a minimum of two hours of self-study review of suicide prevention materials each school year. Also amends KRS 161.011 to permit suicide prevention training for classified employees.

24. House Bill 51 Suicide Prevention Information for Middle and High School Students. Signed by Governor March 4, 2010http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10RS/HB51.htm Amends KRS 156.095 to require the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to post suicide prevention awareness and training information on its Web page by Aug. 1, 2010; Requires every public middle and high school administrator to disseminate suicide prevention awareness information to all middle and high school students by Sept. 1, 2010, and Sept. 1 of each year thereafter.

25. Identifying At Risk Students

26. Identifying At Risk Students Risk Factors Warning Signs Protective Factors

27. Risk Factors Personal or environmental characteristics that are associated with suicide. People affected by one or more of these risk factors have a greater probability of suicidal behavior. Examples: Risky Behaviors, History of depression, low self-esteem

28. Risk Factors • Behavioral Health Issues • Depressive disorders • Substance abuse/dependence • Conduct/disruptive behavior disorders • Anxiety, Personality, and other disorders • Self Injury (even without intent to die) • Previous suicide attempts • Genetic/biological vulnerabilities. • Multiple Risk Factors/ Multiple Behavioral Health Disorders

29. Risk Factors • Personal Characteristics • Hopelessness • Low Self Esteem • Loneliness • Social alienation and isolation, lack of belonging • Low stress and frustration tolerance • Impulsivity • Risk taking, recklessness • Poor problem-solving or coping skills • Perception of self as very under or over weight • Capacity to self-injure • Perception of being a burden (to family/friends)

30. Risk Factors • Adverse/Stressful Life Circumstances • Interpersonal difficulties or losses (e.g., breakups, deaths) • Disciplinary or legal problems • Bullying, either as victim or perpetrator • School or work problems (actual or perceived) • Attendance Problems • Physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse • Chronic physical illness or disability • Exposure to suicide of peer

31. Risk Factors • Risky Behaviors • Alcohol or drug use • Delinquency • Aggressive or violent behavior • Risky sexual behavior

32. Risk Factors • Environmental Factors • Negative social/emotional environment • Lack of acceptance of differences • Expression and acts of hostility • Lack of respect and fair treatment • Lack of feeling of safety and security • Weapons on campus • Limited access to mental health care • Access to lethal means, particularly in the home • Exposure to other suicides (contagion) • Exposure to discrimination based on sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, physical characteristics, etc…

33. Protective Factors Personal or environmental characteristics that reduce the probability of suicide. Can buffer the effects of risk factors (boost resiliance). Examples: Strong problem-solving skills, spiritual faith, strong support system

34. Protective Factors • Individual Characteristics & Behaviors • Psychological/emotional well-being, positive mood • Emotional intelligence • Adaptable temperament • Internal locus of control • Strong problem-solving skills • Coping skills • Self-esteem • Frequent, vigorous physical activity or participation in sports • Spiritual faith / regular church attendance • Resilience: ongoing sense of hope in the face of adversity • Frustration tolerance and emotional regulation

35. Protective Factors • Family and Other Social Support • Family support and strong connectedness to family • Parental Involvement • Close friends or family members, caring adult, social support • Parents model pro-social norms

36. Protective Factors • School • Positive school experiences • Part of a close school community • Safe environment at school (especially for lesbian, gay bisexual, and transgender youth) • LBGTQI: Lesbian, bisexual, gay, trans-gendered, questioning, and inter-sexed • Adequate or better academic achievement • Sense of connectedness to the school • Respect for the cultures of all children.

37. Protective Factors • Mental Health and Healthcare Providers / Caregivers • Access to effective care for mental, physical, and substance abuse disorders • Easy access to care and support through ongoing medical and mental health relationshiops

38. Protective Factors • Access to Means • Restricted access to firearms: guns locked or unloaded, ammunition stored or locked. • Safety barriers for bridges, buildings, and other jumping sites. • Restricted access to medications (otc & prescription) • Restricted access to alcohol

39. Warning Signs Indications that someone may be in danger of suicide, either immediately or in the future. Examples: Threats of self harm, withdrawal, diminished sense of purpose

40. Warning Signs • Someone threatens to hurt or kill themselves • Someone looking for ways to kill themselves, seeking access to pills, weapons, or other means. • Someone talking or writing about death, dying, or suicide when this is out of the ordinary for the person. • Hopelessness • Rage, anger, seeking revenge • Recklessness, acting without thinking • Expressions of feeling trapped • Increased drug/alcohol use • Withdrawal from friends, family, society: ISOLATION • Anxiety, agitation, inability to sleep, constant sleep • Expresses no reason for living, no sense of purpose in life

41. Early Identification, Referral, and Follow Up (EIRF)

42. Group Exercise - BOGGLE Risk Factors Warning Signs Protective Factors

43. Closure

44. Targets: • I can identify risk factors. • I can identify warning signs. • I can identify, prioritize, & implement protective factors. • I can refer and follow up with students who exhibit concerning behaviors. • I can refer to resources on the web and will complete self-study. Fist-to-Five