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Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate. You will need to memorize the structures of the following monosaccharides : . نضع D عندما تكون OH الموجودة فوق CH2OH في ناحية اليمين وتعني Dextro اى ان اتجاه انحراف الضوء في اتجاه عقارب الساعة .

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Carbohydrate

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  1. Carbohydrate You will need to memorize the structures of the following monosaccharides: نضع D عندما تكون OH الموجودة فوق CH2OH في ناحية اليمين وتعني Dextro اى ان اتجاه انحراف الضوء في اتجاه عقارب الساعة.

  2. L Levo: وتكون في المركبات التي بها OH قبل الأخيرة في اتجاه الشمال.يلاحظ آن عدد isomers في السكريات الأحادية = 2n حيث n هي عدد asymmetric carbons.

  3. II. Glucose • Structure elucidation of glucose: 1- Molecular formulae C6H12O6 2- The reaction indicate that glucose contain carbonyl groups

  4. 3- Mild oxidation of glucose with bromine water gives gluconic acid, also glucose gives positive with tollen’s reagent, this means that glucose contains –CHO group. 4- Mild oxidation of glucose gives gluconic acid

  5. 5-Strong oxidation gives glucaric acid (sacchric acid) This reaction indicates that glucose contain terminal primary alcohol

  6. 6- Theabove reaction showed that glucose is not branched

  7. 7- The reaction shows that glucose contains five –OH groups

  8. 8- glucose react with HCN to give cyanohydrin which gives heptanoic acid on hydrolysis followed by heating with HI

  9. From above reactions, glucose has the following structure. • لاحظ أن التفاعلات السابقة بالإضافة كونها تعتبر إثبات • لتركيبGlucose فإنها تكتب أيضا في حالة طلب تفاعلات • Glucose ويضاف إليها تفاعل تكوين Osazone وأيضا • التفاعلات التي يتم فيهاتحويل الجلوكوز إلى سكريات أخرى.

  10. Action of phenylhydrazine on glucose and fructose (formation of Osazone): (A) Glucose

  11. (B)Fructose

  12. Question: write on the following: Action of phenylhydrazine on glucose. Glucose and fructose give the same osazone. Complete the following equation: Glucose + 3 PhNHNH2

  13. Conversion of glucose to fructose or conversion of aldoses to ketoses

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