Early American Civilization

1. Early American Civilization Native peoples

2. To Begin: Allow 4 pages for Table of Contents. Label Table of Contents Title Notebook: US History Number all the pages of the notebook 1 to ????

3. Social Studies Interactive Notebook • In this class, we will be using an Interactive Notebook. The interactive notebook is more than a notebook in which to take notes. It is a way of collecting and processing information. It will be your notebook for history class. •  The Interactive Notebook uses a right side and left side to help you organize your learning. The right page includes traditional class assignments: notes, worksheets, etc. The left side is a place for you to process that information.

5. Implementation • Notebooks can be kept in your binder. Bring it to class every day. It will not be in your best interest to lose it. • Number the pages sequentially. Do not remove any pages. Both right and left pages should be numbered. It is important that all of us have the same information on the same page. • The first pages are reserved for a table of contents, and instructions. Other information will be included as appendices. • Use color to help organize your information. • Handouts, foldables and other papers should be glued or taped in place. No staples. • You will need other supplies: markers, glue stick, tape, ruler, pencils, colored pencils • Notebooks will be graded each unit using self, peer and teacher checklists.

6. Early American Civilization Native peoples

7. Timeline of Paleo Indians

8. Paleo-Indians Paleo Indian refers to the small bands of nomadic people who first populated North America. After crossing the large expanse of land that appeared between Alaska and Siberia during the last glacial period, they kept traveling until some of them had reached as far as the southern tip of South America and as far east as Virginia.

9. Clovis • Clovis points such as this one • were used to hunt mastodons and other large game during the Paleo Indian Period

10. Clovis Culture • Known for invention of superbly crafted grooved or fluted stone projectiles (Clovis points) first found near Clovis, New Mexico, in 1932. Clovis points have been found throughout the Americas. • Hunted big game, notably mammoths.

11. Folsom Culture • Named for site found near Folsom, New Mexico, 1926. Developed a smaller, thinner, fluted spear point than Clovis type. • Hunted big game, notably the huge bison ancestor of the modern buffalo. First used a spear-throwing device called an atlatl (an Aztec word for “spear-thrower”). Discovery of Folsom point in 1927 gave first proof of Glacial Man in America.

12. Plano Culture They are associated primarily with the Great Plains area. Were bison hunters. Developed a delicately flaked spear point that lacked fluting. Adopted mass-hunting technique (jump-kill) to drive animal herds off a cliff. First to use grinding stones to grind seeds and meat.

13. Mound Builders

14. Timeline of Moundbuilders 5000 BC-1000 ADARCHAIC-WOODLAND 1st mounds – bury dead 1000-1200 ADEARLY MISSISSIPPIANPERIOD Trading with SW 1200-1400 ADMIDDLE MISSISSIPPIANPERIOD Manufacturing 1400-1500 ADLATE MISSISSIPPIANPERIOD War & instability 1500-1670 ADEARLY EUROPEAN CONTACT DeSoto saw declining culture

15. Adena Indians • Primarily hunter-gatherers • they farmed corn, tobacco, squash, pumpkins, and sunflowers at an early date. Adena Pipe: Ohio, USA

16. Hopewell Indians • Were both hunter-gatherers and farmers. • Villages were built along rivers, characterized by large conical or dome-shaped burial mounds and elaborate earthen walls enclosing large oval or rectangular areas.

17. Mississippi CultureMajor tribes of the Southeast are their modern descendants • Constructed large flat-topped earthen mounds on which were built wooden temples and meeting houses and residences of chiefs and priests.

18. Temple Mound BuildersMississippian Indians • Were highly skilled hunters with bow and arrow. • Practiced large-scale farming of corn, beans, and squash. Were skilled craftsmen. • Falcon and Jaguar were common symbols in their art. Had clear ties with Mexico.

19. Southwest American Indians • Arizona is home to a diverse group of Native American inhabitants called the Pueblo People.

20. Timeline of Southwest Indians

21. Pueblo Indians • Traditionally subsisted on agriculture. When first encountered by the Spanish in the 1500s, they were living in villages that the Spanish called Pueblos meaning "town". Of the approximately 25 pueblos that exist today, Taos, Acoma, Zuni, and Hopi the most well known.

22. Mogollan Culture • Were highland farmers but also hunters in what is now eastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. • Were accomplished stoneworkers. Famous for magnificent black on white painted pottery (Minbres Valley pottery),

23. Hohokam Culture • a Pima Indian word meaning “The Vanished Ones”). • Believed to be ancestors of the modern Papago (Tohono O'odham) and Pima (Akimel O'odham) Indian groups.

24. Hohokam • Settled in present-day Arizona. • Were desert farmers. Cultivated corn. • Were first to grow cotton in the Southwest & weave cotton fabrics

25. Hohokam • Constructed vast network of irrigation systems. • Important sites: Pueblo Grande, Ariz.; Snaketown, Ariz; Casa Grande, Ariz.

26. Anasazi Culture • Inhabited Colorado Plateau “four corners,” where Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado meet. • Their descendants are the Hopi and other Pueblo Indians.

27. Navajo for “The Ancient Ones” • Agricultural society that cultivated cotton, wove cotton fabrics. • Early Anasazi are known as the Basketmaker People for their extraordinary basketwork. • Were skilled workers in stone& carved stone Kachina dolls. • Built pit houses, later apartment-like pueblos. • Constructed road networks. • Were avid astronomers. Used a solar calendar. Traded with Mesoamerican Toltecs. • The Acoma Pueblo, N.M., built circa 1300 and still occupied, may be the oldest continuously inhabited village in the U.S.

28. Anasazi • Important sites: Chaco Canyon, N.M.; Mesa Verde, Colo.; Canyon de Chelly, Ariz.; Bandelier, N.M.; Betatkin, N.M. The Acoma Pueblo, N.M., built circa 1300 and still occupied, may be the oldest continuously inhabited village in the U.S.