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Introduction to IPv6 Network & Application

Introduction to IPv6 Network & Application. Passakon Prathombutr Next Generation Internet (NGI) National Electronics and Computer Technology Center. Needs for IPv6. Unlike Y2K IPv4-1970, IPv6-1990 Exhaustion of IP (v4) addresses Why not IPv5?

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Introduction to IPv6 Network & Application

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  1. Introduction to IPv6Network & Application Passakon Prathombutr Next Generation Internet (NGI) National Electronics and Computer Technology Center

  2. Needs for IPv6 • Unlike Y2K • IPv4-1970, IPv6-1990 • Exhaustion of IP (v4) addresses • Why not IPv5? • “5” becomes stream protocol, ST, assigned in version field of header. • Enhance features

  3. Technological Imperatives for Adoption • Need Killer Application? • Network Address Translation (NAT) • Not for IPSec, QoS, VoIP, Peer-to-Peer • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) • Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

  4. What is IPv6? • Internet Protocol Version 6 designed by IETF to replace current IP (IPv4) • More address spaces (128-bits) • New header design and features

  5. Header comparison 15 16 31 0 Removed (6) vers hlen TOS total length • ID, flags, flag offset • TOS, hlen • header checksum identification flags flag-offset TTL protocol header checksum 20 bytes source address destination address Changed (3) options and padding • total length => payload • protocol => next header • TTL => hop limit IPv4 vers traffic class flow-label Added (2) payload length next header hop limit • traffic class • flow label 40 bytes source address Expanded destination address • address 32 to 128 bits IPv6

  6. IPv6 Changes IPv4 IPv6 Source and destination addresses 32 bits (4 bytes) 128 bits (16 bytes) Optional Standard IPsec support Identification of packet flow for QoS handling by routers None in header Included in header By both routers and sending host Only by sending host Fragmentation Included Not included Header checksum Moved to extension headers Included Header optional data

  7. IPv6 Changes IPv4 IPv6 Multicast Nghbrhd. Solicitation messages Broadcast ARP request frames IP address resolution method Managing local subnet group membership Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) IGMP ICMPv6 Router Solicitation & Adv. messages (req.) ICMP Router Discovery (opt.) Determine best default gateway Sending traffic to all nodes on subnet Broadcast addresses Multicast address

  8. IPv6 Changes IPv4 IPv6 Manually or through DHCP Configuration Automatic Host address resource records used to map to IP addresses A AAAA or A6 Pointer resource records in DNS domain used to map to host IN-ADDR.ARPA IP6.INT 576-byte (possibly fragmented) 1280 byte (no fragmentation) Packet size support

  9. What it Means • Simplified header • Faster router processing • Less overhead • Efficient option processing • No fragmentation • Reduced load on routers • Easier to implement in hardware • Easy Layer 3 switching of IP • Minimum link MTU is 1280 bytes

  10. IPv6 Address Structure • Interface ID • Unique identifier for each host (48-bit MAC address + some padding) • Structure of a ‘Provider Based Unicast’ (like IPv4 with CIDR) • No more ‘classes’ (A,B,C,D,E) • More ‘granularity’ than IPv4 or IPv4 CIDR • No need to specify subnet mask

  11. Major Improvement of IPv6 Header • No Option field. Replaced by extension header. Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP header. • No header checksum. Result in fast processing. • No fragmentation at intermediate nodes. Result in fast IP forwarding.

  12. 128-bit IPv6 Address 3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234 8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:” Leading zeros can be removed 3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234 :: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

  13. Prefix Allocation Type Prefix (binary bits) Range Global (+anycast) 001 2xxx to 3xxx Link-local 1111 1110 10 FE8x to FEBx Site-local 1111 1110 11 FECx to FEFx Multicast 1111 1111 FFxx Link-local: Unreachable from other sites, equivalent to IPv4 private addr. Site-local: Used to communicate with neighbor node on the same link. Global Allocation: 2001::/16 Sub-TLA Assignment (by APNIC, ARIN, RIPE) 2002::/16 6to4 (simply generated from 1 public IPv4 address) 3FFE::/16 6bone (e.g., NECTEC got 3FFE:4016::/32)

  14. Benefits of IPv6 • Improve efficiency in routing and packet handling • Large addressing space and network prefixes – short and scalable routing table • Header format is simpler than that of the IPv4 header – good for 64-bit processors • Support Plug and Play address auto-configuration/ renumbering • Good for mobile IP wireless devices, and home appliances. • Easier to transit from one provider to another.

  15. Benefits of IPv6 (cont.) • Support for embedded IPSec • Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) are parts of extension headers • Improve support for multicast – No more broadcast addresses • Eliminate the need for NAT • Support for widely deployed routing protocols e.g., OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, RIPng and BGP4+

  16. Techniques for Transition • Dual stack • Between IPv6 islands via IPv4 cloud • IPv6-over-4 configured tunnel, 6to4, 6over4, ISATAP, Tunnel broker (freenet6, Hurricane Electric, TILAB) • Between IPv6 and IPv4 • DSTM(Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism), NAT-PT(Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation), SIIT (Stateless IPv6-IPv4 Translator), BIS(Bump-In-the-Stack), BIA(Bump-In-the-API), TCP-UDP relay

  17. 6to4 Tunneling IPv4 202.57.124.186 IPv6 2002:CA39:7CBA::1/128 IPv4 192.150.240.24 IPv6 2002:C096:F018::1/128 Tunnel 2002:C096:F018::2/128 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128 IPv4 Network 6to4 router 6to4 router 6to4 network 6to4 network IPv4 packet Src. 202.57.124.186 Dest. 192.150.240.24 IPv6 packet Src. 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128 Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128 IPv6 packet Src. 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128 Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128

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