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12/14 原油成分、油污染來源、 分散劑、案例及生態影響 輔助教材影片：只有生態衝擊？

12/14 原油成分、油污染來源、 分散劑、案例及生態影響 輔助教材影片：只有生態衝擊？. Furans: 合成有機氯產品的附加物，特別 是製造多氯聯苯時。通常和戴奧辛並 存。 Dioxin effects: 氯座瘡 : 表皮毛囊皮膚角質化及化膿 葡萄糖代謝異常 甲狀腺功能失常 神經傳導速度減慢 , 下肢無力 肝癌 . - used students’ grading: 40

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12/14 原油成分、油污染來源、 分散劑、案例及生態影響 輔助教材影片：只有生態衝擊？

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  1. 12/14 原油成分、油污染來源、 分散劑、案例及生態影響 輔助教材影片：只有生態衝擊？

  2. Furans:合成有機氯產品的附加物，特別 是製造多氯聯苯時。通常和戴奧辛並 存。 Dioxin effects: 氯座瘡:表皮毛囊皮膚角質化及化膿 葡萄糖代謝異常 甲狀腺功能失常 神經傳導速度減慢,下肢無力 肝癌

  3. - used students’ grading: 40 - student 60% - teacher 40%

  4. Marine oil pollution 1. 工業排放與都市放流 37% 2. 船舶操作 33% 3. 油輪意外 12% 4. 來自大氣 9% 5. 自然來源 7% 6. 探勘與生產 2%

  5. Oil compounds, e.g. Natural gas 天然氣 Crude oil 原油 Asphalt 柏油 Tar 瀝青 Molecular weight 16 ～ >20000 g/mole

  6. Major components : hydrocarbons > 90% 脂肪族碳氫化合物 (aliphatic hydrocarbons): ex. 石蠟 脂環族碳氫化合物 (alicyclic hydrocarbons): ex. 環涇類 芳香族碳氫化合物 (aromatics): 含苯環

  7. Causes of spills 7 – 700 tones (ITOPE 國際油輪所有人污染聯盟 (The International Tanker Owner Pollution Federation, 2001) Causes of spills > 700 tones (ITOPE, 2001) Fate of marine oil spills (ITOPE, 2001) The expected rates of dissipation. The emulsification leads to an increase in volume and viscosity (ITOPE, 2001)

  8. 1989年艾克森石油公司在阿拉斯加發生油輪漏油事件，估計約1千萬加崙的原油洩入海中（洩油量尚小於4萬噸油輪的裝載量），其對環境與生態造成極大的傷害，估計約25萬隻海鳥、2800頭海獺、300隻麻班海豹與250隻白頭鷹等動物死亡，及不計其數的魚卵和其它植物的死亡.經法院於1991年裁決，針對該漏油事件之民事部份，分十年賠償總金額9億美金（約新台幣270億元），另刑事賠償1億美金，其中包含協助清理油污之費用等 重大漏油 事件

  9. Map of Prince William Sound (Alaska, USA) affected by Exxon Valdez oil spill in Mar. 1989 (Peterson, 2001). 瓦迪茲號 Crude oil: 32,700t Algal covers as a function of oiling and treatment history in the Prince William Sound for “Exxon Valdez” oil spill event(Peterson, 2001). Fucus捲枝藻 Densities of intertidal fishes in the Prince William Sound for “Exxon Valdez” oil spill event (Peterson, 2001). *: significant difference between control and oiled sites

  10. Densities (0.25 m-2) of clams in the Prince William Sound for “Exxon Valdez” oil spill event(Peterson, 2001). Changes in densities of birds of PWS, Alaska(Lance et al., 2001).

  11. 近年來臺灣附近海域漏油事件 • 時間 地點 事件 • 基隆 布拉哥油輪觸礁 • 燃料油10,000t • 野柳 東方佳人號油輪觸礁 • 燃料油160t • 2001 龍坑 阿瑪斯號貨輪觸礁 • 燃料油1,100t • 鐵砂35,000t

  12. 希臘籍貨輪「阿瑪斯號」 2001 1, 14 屏東鵝鸞鼻東岸外海擱淺 1, 18 船體開始破裂有漏油現象 1, 18-24 海象不佳及農曆春節過年無 法立即展開清除工作 1, 25 起陸續開始進行清除工作

  13. 入水口攔油索 龍坑油污 寄居蟹

  14. Impact of oil spill of “Amorgos”? 燃料油1,100t 油污染面積達廿公頃 鐵砂35,000t Fe is a limiting factor ? Background ecological data ?

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