CFOA Transportation Air Group

1. CFOATransportation Air Group Annual Meeting CAA Aviation House Gatwick 4 July 2012

2. Simon Webb Standards Officer Aerodrome Standards Civil Aviation Authority Aviation House 2W, Gatwick Airport South, West Sussex, RH6 0YR, UK Office +44 (0) 1293 573256 Mobile +44 (0) 7908 627481 simon.webb@caa.co.uk www.caa.co.uk

3. RFFS Response Model An overview and future work

4. ICAO Proposal With an evolution of existing provisions in mind and taking account of the tasks involved and applicable risk, develop new performance-based provisions for the response to an emergency at or in the vicinity of an aerodrome or heliport, with regard to:   the type and frequency of operations, including rotorcraft and general aviation; the size, construction and use of the aircraft; typical emergency response scenarios, including details addressing accidents occurring at specific locations such as on or near the extended runway centreline; the availability and suitability of emergency response resources when needed; and the development of risk and task analysis criteria and methodologies On the basis of the above, develop generic procedures and/or guidance on the development of procedures for the emergency response at or in the vicinity of an aerodrome or heliport for incorporation in PANS-Aerodromes

5. EASA Proposed Rules IR - ADR-OPS.B010 - Rescue and Fire-fighting Services (a) The aerodrome operator shall ensure that: (1) aerodrome rescue and fire-fighting equipment and services are provided; (2) adequate equipment, fire extinguishing agents and sufficient personnel are available in a timely manner; (3) rescue and fire-fighting personnel are properly trained, equipped and qualified to operate in the aerodrome environment; (4) rescue and fire-fighting personnel potentially required to act in aviation emergencies demonstrate their medical fitness to execute their functions satisfactorily, taking into account the type of activity. (b) The aerodrome operator shall implement and maintain training and check programmes to ensure the continuing competence of rescue and fire-fighting personnel.

6. EASA Proposed Rules AMC6-ADR-OPS.B.010 — Personnel (a) The aerodrome operator should ensure that: (1) During flight operations, sufficient trained personnel is detailed and readily available to ride the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and to operate the equipment at maximum capacity; (2) Personnel is deployed in a way that ensures the minimum response times can be achieved and continuous agent application at the appropriate rate can be fully maintained considering also the use of hand lines, ladders and other rescue and fire-fighting equipment normally associated with aircraft rescue and fire-fighting operations; (3) All responding rescue and fire-fighting personnel are provided with protective clothing and respiratory equipment to enable them to perform their duties in an effective manner. GM3-ADR-OPS.B.010 — Number of RFFS personnel In determining the number of personnel required to provide for rescue, consideration is necessary to be given to the types of aircraft using the aerodrome. Staffing levels are promulgated, or reference to, the Aerodrome Manual.

7. ICAO “.....save lives...” “.....create and maintain survivable conditions...” “.....initiate the rescue of those occupants unable to make their escape without direct aid.” Initiate To set going by taking the first step.

8. “..create and maintain survivable conditions..” ‘Control of the fire’

9. “..rescue of those occupants unable to make their escape without direct aid..” “..create and maintain survivable conditions..”

10. “..rescue of those occupants unable to make their escape without direct aid..” “..create and maintain survivable conditions..”

11. “..rescue of those occupants unable to make their escape without direct aid..” “..create and maintain survivable conditions..” The Unacceptable Gap

12. Who says it is unacceptable ? Sheriff Desmond J Leslie, following an Inquiry into the death of Allison Hume1 “I do not endorse a practice where management policy should prevail over a comprehensive risk assessment particularly so when life is in imminent danger.” Coroner’s Inquests into the London bombings of 7 July 20052 “Risk assessments and decisions may have to be revisited as protocols are overtaken by events. “ 1 - http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2011FAI51.html 2 - http://7julyinquests.independent.gov.uk/docs/orders/rule43-report.pdf

13. “Assisted Evacuation” Rescue Activity Time

14. “Assisted Evacuation” Rescue Equipment Personnel Procedures Activity Time

15. “Assisted Evacuation” Rescue Equipment Personnel Procedures Activity Time

16. Fire-fightingA fire and rescue authority must make provision for the purpose of— (a)extinguishing fires in its area, and (b)protecting life and property in the event of fires in its area. Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 (E&W) Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 The Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006

17. Rescue and protection in case of certain emergenciesA fire and rescue authority must make provision in its area for the purpose of rescuing people who may be trapped and protecting them from serious harm, to the extent that it considers it reasonable to do so, in the event of—(a) an emergency involving the collapse of a building or other structure; or (b) an emergency which— (i) involves a train, tram, or aircraft Fire and Rescue Services (Emergencies) (England) Order 2007

18. Serious transport incidents A specified authority shall make provision for the purpose of rescuing people trapped by wreckage and debris and protecting them from serious harm in the event of a serious transport incident in its area. The Fire (Additional Function) (Scotland) Order 2005 The Fire and Rescue Services (Emergencies) Order (Northern Ireland) 2011 Serious transport incident The Board shall make provision for the purpose of rescuing people and protecting them from serious harm in the event of a serious transport incident.

19. Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (E&W) The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (Contingency Planning) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 NI Civil Contingencies Framework • Duty to assess, plan and adviseCategory 1 and 2 responders must: • Assess the risk of an emergency occurring • Maintain plans to: • Prevent the emergency • Reduce, control or mitigate • Consider if they or others need to add to or modify plans

20. Summary of Duties - UK Fire and Rescue Authorities have the duty to plan and provide for fire and rescue – including aircraft (transport) incidents They can enter into Mutual Aid agreements, or Have arrangements under Civil Contingencies duties/guidance Any agreements/arrangements should be made under local emergency planning arrangements e.g. Local Resilience Forums (E) Strategic Co-ordinating Groups (S) Civil Contingencies Group (NI) Wales Resilience Forum (W)

21. Stage1

22. Stage1 Stage3

23. Stage1 Stage2 Stage3

24. Task Resource Analysis Phase 1 Aims and objectives for the RFF services and the required tasks Phase 2 Identify representative realistic, feasible accidents Phase 3 Type of aircraft Phase 4 location for the accident Phase 5 Combine accident with the aircraft Phase 6 Facilitated Task and Resource Analysis

25. Task and Resource Analysis Is a good basis for a model. But how can we represent its elements? Category of RFFS – relates to size of aircraft, number of passengers and fuel load The number of fire fighters to deal with the Critical Area – Stage 1 The number of staff for “the Gap” – Stage 2 The time for Stage 3 to be put into action

26. Category Stage1 Stage2 Stage3

27. Response Model Development Task and Resource Analysis for worst case scenario Determine Response Index Develop contingency arrangements Develop SOP’s to match responses On runway Off runway 1,000m Match to Emergency Plan Discuss with Local resilience Forum or fire and rescue service to ensure compatibility and agreement under Civil Contingencies Act

28. Emergency Response Scenarios Example of Worst Case Credible Scenario Aircraft of highest RFFS Category Full passenger load 5% Dangerous cargo Engine fire on take-off Aborts take-off – runs off end of runway into RESA Collapse of undercarriage Fire impinging on fuselage Evacuation takes place on unaffected side of aircraft Some passengers unable to self evacuate

29. Summary Aim – To review current requirements and guidance and recommend amendments Scenarios – locations - resources Develop risk & task criteria & methodologies Circle model and Stages Unacceptable Gap Initiate response system of work Duties – fire and rescue authorities and civil protection Index aligned to model Use of index to identify gaps/weaknesses Relate to TRA process Worst case credible scenarios Contingency arrangements

30. Timeline April - June July 16-20 August - December ICAO AMC

32. Compressed Air Foam Systems Tests carried out at CNPP, Vernon, France 21 – 25 May 2012

33. 24 May 2012 Test 5 0:00 CAFS Level B FF 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:12

35. 4 L 380 L

37. Way Forward CNPP test results within 2 weeks Debrief – 13 July – agree conclusions DP and presentation at ICAO RFFWG July Best practice – CAFS and Fluorine Free Incorporate findings into future rules

38. Thank You Simon Webb Standards Officer Aerodrome Standards Civil Aviation Authority Aviation House 2W, Gatwick Airport South, West Sussex, RH6 0YR, UK Office +44 (0) 1293 573256 Mobile +44 (0) 7908 627481 simon.webb@caa.co.uk www.caa.co.uk